BACKGROUND Attachment and spirituality are thought to have deep evolutionary roots but are always interpreted within the framework of culture, religion and personal beliefs. While insecure attachment has been observed to be positively related with psychopathology, a positive mental health effect has often been described for spirituality. To examine the cross-cultural validation of previous research focused on Austrian young adults with Western socialization, we attempt to replicate our study examining the influence spirituality has on the connection between insecure attachment and mood-related psychiatric burden with Indian young adults. METHODS We investigated Avoidant (AV) and Anxious (AX) Attachment (ECR-RD), Religious (RWB) and Existential (EWB) Well-Being (MI-RSWB), and mood-related psychiatric burden (Anxiety, Depression, Somatization; BSI-18) in 443 (31% female) Indian young adults (age range: 18-30 years) with a Hindu upbringing. RESULTS Compared to young adults with a Roman Catholic upbringing in a Western socialization, Indian participants did not differ in AX and EWB but scored higher in mood-related psychiatric burden (eta2 = .04), AV (eta2 = .14), as well as RWB (eta2 = .28; all p < .01). As in previous research only AX (β = .40) positively predicted mood-related psychiatric burden (ΔR2 = .15, all p < .01), while EWB was an additional negative predictor (β = -.11, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the universal importance of attachment and spirituality for mental health as well as the potential influence of socialization on their development. Furthermore, they underline that Existential Well-Being - including hope for a better future, forgiveness, and the experience of sense and meaning - appears to have a compensating effect on the relation between insecure attachment and impaired mental health.

中文翻译：

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存在依恋缺陷的印度年轻人的存在幸福感与情绪相关的精神负担之间的关系：一项跨文化验证研究。


背景技术依恋和灵性被认为具有深刻的进化根源，但总是在文化、宗教和个人信仰的框架内进行解释。虽然不安全依恋被发现与精神病理学呈正相关，但人们经常认为对灵性有积极的心理健康影响。为了检验之前针对接受西方社会化的奥地利年轻人的研究的跨文化验证，我们尝试将我们的研究复制到印度年轻人身上，检验灵性对不安全依恋和与情绪相关的精神负担之间联系的影响。方法 我们调查了回避（AV）和焦虑（AX）依恋（ECR-RD）、宗教（RWB）和存在（EWB）幸福感（MI-RSWB）以及与情绪相关的精神负担（焦虑、抑郁、躯体化； BSI-18）对 443 名（31% 女性）受印度教教育的印度年轻人（年龄范围：18-30 岁）进行了测试。结果 与在西方社会化中接受罗马天主教教育的年轻人相比，印度参与者在 AX 和 EWB 方面没有差异，但在与情绪相关的精神负担 (eta2 = .04)、AV (eta2 = .14) 方面得分更高作为 RWB（eta2 = .28；所有 p < .01）。正如之前的研究一样，只有 AX (β = .40) 积极预测与情绪相关的精神负担（ΔR2 = .15，所有 p < .01），而 EWB 是一个额外的负面预测因子（β = -.11，p <） .05）。结论我们的研究结果强调了依恋和灵性对心理健康的普遍重要性，以及社会化对其发展的潜在影响。 此外，他们强调，存在幸福感——包括对更美好未来的希望、宽恕以及感觉和意义的体验——似乎对不安全依恋和受损的心理健康之间的关系具有补偿作用。