Background Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is nowadays an essential tool in critical care. Its role seems more important in neonates and children where other monitoring techniques may be unavailable. POCUS Working Group of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) aimed to provide evidence-based clinical guidelines for the use of POCUS in critically ill neonates and children. Methods Creation of an international Euro-American panel of paediatric and neonatal intensivists expert in POCUS and systematic review of relevant literature. A literature search was performed, and the level of evidence was assessed according to a GRADE method. Recommendations were developed through discussions managed following a Quaker-based consensus technique and evaluating appropriateness using a modified blind RAND/UCLA voting method. AGREE statement was followed to prepare this document. Results Panellists agreed on 39 out of 41 recommendations for the use of cardiac, lung, vascular, cerebral and abdominal POCUS in critically ill neonates and children. Recommendations were mostly (28 out of 39) based on moderate quality of evidence (B and C). Conclusions Evidence-based guidelines for the use of POCUS in critically ill neonates and children are now available. They will be useful to optimise the use of POCUS, training programs and further research, which are urgently needed given the weak quality of evidence available.

中文翻译：

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欧洲儿科和新生儿重症监护学会 (ESPNIC) POCUS 工作组发布的重症新生儿和儿童床旁超声 (POCUS) 国际循证指南


背景 护理点超声 (POCUS) 是当今重症监护的重要工具。它的作用似乎对新生儿和儿童更重要，因为其他监测技术可能不可用。欧洲儿科和新生儿重症监护学会 (ESPNIC) 的 POCUS 工作组旨在为重症新生儿和儿童使用 POCUS 提供循证临床指南。方法 创建国际欧美儿科和新生儿重症监护专家 POCUS 专家小组并对相关文献进行系统回顾。进行了文献检索，并根据 GRADE 方法评估了证据水平。建议是通过遵循基于贵格会的共识技术进行讨论并使用修改后的兰德/加州大学洛杉矶分校盲目投票方法评估适当性而制定的。准备本文件时遵循同意声明。结果 小组成员就危重新生儿和儿童使用心脏、肺、血管、大脑和腹部 POCUS 的 41 项建议中的 39 项达成了一致。建议大多（39 项中的 28 项）基于中等质量的证据（B 和 C）。结论 现在已有关于在危重新生儿和儿童中使用 POCUS 的循证指南。它们将有助于优化 POCUS 的使用、培训计划和进一步研究，鉴于现有证据质量较差，这些都是迫切需要的。