Human rhinovirus (hRV) is a predominant respiratory viral pathogen. The determinants that lead to adverse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients are unclear.

Our objective was to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hRV infections in a hospitalized population and to compare non-severe and severe infections.

The study was based on data from all patients with a respiratory episode admitted to Hospital from October 2015 to September 2016.

During the study period, out of 2465 respiratory episodes, 434 were detected positive for hRV. Most of the coinfections involved the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and very few influenza viruses. A possible interference between rhinovirus and influenza virus is suggested.

Airway involvement was present in a large part of hRV infections with 28.4% (n = 48/169) of bronchiolitis and 3.6% (n = 6/169) of bronchitis. One third of patients had at least one of the following severity criteria: need for oxygen therapy, hospitalization ≥ 5 days, and admission to the ICU. On multivariate analysis, a respiratory co-infection with RSV and the presence of a chronic respiratory disease (including a history of asthma) were shown to be independent risk factors for the onset of a severe infection in patients ≤ 2 years old. In a case control study based on 70 patients, hRV-A was the predominant lineage, followed closely by hRV-C. High viral load or viral genotypes were not associated with severe infection.

人鼻病毒（hRV）是主要的呼吸道病毒病原体。导致住院患者不良临床结果的决定因素尚不清楚。

我们的目标是分析住院人群中hRV感染的流行病学和临床特征，并比较非严重和严重感染。

该研究基于2015年10月至2016年9月入院的所有呼吸系统疾病患者的数据。

在研究期间，在2465例呼吸事件中，有434例被检测出hRV阳性。大多数合并感染都涉及呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和极少的流感病毒。建议鼻病毒和流感病毒之间可能存在干扰。

大部分hRV感染中存在气道受累，其中28.4％（n = 48/169）的细支气管炎和3.6％（n = 6/169）的支气管炎。三分之一的患者至少具有以下严重性标准之一：需要氧气治疗，住院≥5天和入ICU。在多变量分析中，显示RSV的呼吸道合并感染和慢性呼吸道疾病（包括哮喘病史）的存在是≤2岁患者发生严重感染的独立危险因素。在一项基于70名患者的病例对照研究中，hRV-A是主要血统，紧随其后的是hRV-C。高病毒载量或病毒基因型与严重感染无关。