Diet-induced obesity is the most widely used animal model for studying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the physiological effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) are inconsistent between different studies. To elucidate this mystery, mice raised with conventional (CONV), specific pathogen-free (SPF) and gentamicin (G) treatments and fed with standard diet (STD) or HFD were analyzed in terms of their physiology, gut microbiota composition, hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Serum biochemistry showed increased levels of cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase in the G-STD and CONV-HFD groups, respectively. The CONV-HFD group exhibited more inflammatory foci compared to the SPF-HFD and G-HFD groups. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining revealed the infiltration of Kupffer cells in the liver, consistent with increased mRNA levels of MCP-1, CD36 and TLR4. Principal coordinate analysis and the cladogram of LEfSe showed that the distinguished clusters of gut microbiota were dependent on housing conditions. The Rikenellaceae, F16 and Desulfovibrionaceae were strongly correlated with hepatic inflammation. Otherwise, higher NAFLD activity score correlated with altered relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In conclusion, gut microbiota varying with housing condition may be pivotal for the host response to HFD.

饮食诱发的肥胖是研究非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD）的最广泛使用的动物模型。但是，不同研究之间高脂饮食（HFD）的生理作用不一致。为了阐明这一奥秘，对接受常规（CONV），无特定病原体（SPF）和庆大霉素（G）治疗并喂养标准饮食（STD）或HFD喂养的小鼠的生理，肠道菌群组成，肝脂肪变性进行了分析。和炎症。血清生物化学表明，G-STD和CONV-HFD组的胆固醇和天冬氨酸转氨酶水平分别升高。与SPF-HFD和G-HFD组相比，CONV-HFD组表现出更多的炎症灶。此外，免疫组化染色显示肝脏中的Kupffer细胞浸润，与增加的MCP-1，CD36和TLR4的mRNA水平一致。主坐标分析和LEfSe的枝线图显示，肠道菌群的独特集群取决于居住条件。蓖麻科，F16和脱硫弧菌科与肝炎密切相关。否则，较高的NAFLD活性评分与拟杆菌和硬毛虫的相对丰度变化有关。总之，肠道菌群随住房条件的变化可能对于宿主对HFD的反应至关重要。较高的NAFLD活性评分与拟杆菌和硬毛虫的相对丰度变化相关。总之，肠道菌群随住房条件的变化可能对于宿主对HFD的反应至关重要。较高的NAFLD活性评分与拟杆菌和硬毛虫的相对丰度变化相关。总之，肠道菌群随住房条件的变化可能对于宿主对HFD的反应至关重要。