Runoff and soil erosion on sloping farmland pose a serious threat to agricultural productivity. Soil and water conservation management is considered to be effective in controlling runoff and soil erosion, especially in sloped farmland. In this study, 1910 natural rainfall events were monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation management and rainfall types on runoff and soil erosion. The results confirmed that fish‐scale pit plots reduced runoff and soil loss by 70.18 and 91.07%. Runoff and soil loss on sloped farmland and naturally sloped plots were significantly higher (p < .05) than the other four soil management interventions. “Intense” events were the main causes of runoff and soil loss production, but the influence of “intense” rainfall events on runoff and soil loss was weakened by narrow terraced farmland. About 10% of the largest rainfall events represented from 21 to 27% of the rainfall depth, from 35 to 54% of the total runoff, and from 71 to 88% of the total soil loss. Rainfall intensity plays a dominant role in soil erosion, while rainfall accumulation is the main influencing factor for runoff. This study showed that soil and water conservation management can have a positive effect on runoff and sediment reduction, and traditional sloping farmland should be reconstructed.

中文翻译：

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华北坡地水土保持管理和降雨类型对径流和水土流失的影响

坡地上的径流和水土流失严重威胁着农业生产力。水土保持管理被认为可有效控制径流和水土流失，特别是在倾斜的农田中。在这项研究中，监测了1910次自然降雨事件，以评估水土保持管理和降雨类型对径流和土壤侵蚀的有效性。结果证实，鱼鳞坑减少了径流和土壤流失70.18和91.07％。坡地和自然坡地上的径流和土壤流失明显更高（p <.05），而不是其他四项土壤管理干预措施。“强”事件是径流和土壤流失产生的主要原因，但是狭窄的梯田农田削弱了“强”降雨事件对径流和土壤流失的影响。大约10％的最大降雨事件占降雨深度的21％至27％，占总径流的35％至54％，以及土壤流失的71％至88％。降雨强度在土壤侵蚀中起主要作用，而降雨积累是径流的主要影响因素。这项研究表明，水土保持管理可以对减少径流和减少泥沙产生积极的影响，应该重建传统的坡耕地。