Various methods of nanoparticle syntheses using ionizing radiation exist nowadays. The synthesis often proceeds in aqueous solutions and therefore the core principle lies in the radiolysis of water and subsequent reactions of formed intermediates with dissolved compounds. There is a noticeable variety of inorganic nanoscale materials prepared by radiation methods, mostly using gamma or accelerated electron irradiation. This review summarizes the radiation induced syntheses of numerous nano-sized compounds, including metals, metal alloys and core-shell systems, metal oxides, carbonates, sulfides, etc., nanomaterials on supports, various heterostructures and nanocomposites. Many of these compounds feature various enhanced properties related to their small size, when compared to bulk materials. Size of the prepared particles vary from subnanometric to several tens of nm and the morphology can be fine-tuned by dose, dose rate and the composition of irradiated solutions.

如今存在使用电离辐射合成纳米颗粒的各种方法。合成通常在水溶液中进行，因此核心原理在于水的放射分解以及所形成的中间体与溶解的化合物的后续反应。通过辐射方法制备的无机纳米级材料种类繁多，主要使用伽马或加速电子辐射。这篇综述总结了许多纳米尺寸化合物的辐射诱导合成，包括金属，金属合金和核-壳体系，金属氧化物，碳酸盐，硫化物等，载体上的纳米材料，各种异质结构和纳米复合材料。与散装材料相比，这些化合物中的许多具有与小尺寸有关的各种增强的性能。