The effects of ionising radiation on proteins have been studied since the initial stages of this technology. These effects can be either direct or indirect, and many radical reactions are expected to occur according to the irradiation conditions and sample preparation. Recently, albumin nanoparticles have been prepared, for technological purposes, by irradiation of protein solutions in the presence of a high amount of ethanol.

The radiation-induced crosslinking process in the protein nanoparticle preparation is a matter of study; therefore in the present work different experimental data and reported results are evaluated in order to discuss the radical reactions involved in this process.

According to a quantitative analysis of solvent radiolysis, based on reported data and some key experimental determinations, the hydroxyethyl radicals and solvated electrons are the main radiolysis species present in the media. Selected free amino acids dissolved in water with a high amount of ethanol were gamma-irradiated to study the gradiation of modification by radiolysis, using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as HPLC-EIS-MS/MS. Amino acids such as alanine, tyrosine and phenylalanine showed a low degree of chemical modifications; meanwhile, histidine, cystine and tryptophan were modified by solvent radiolysis. Using SDS-PAGE, it is demonstrated the participation of reducible chemical bridges in the nanoparticle stabilisation. A prototypical model of the crosslinking process involved in albumin nanoparticle preparation is discussed in the base to (i) SDS-PAGE analysis of protein composition of albumin nanoparticle under reductive and non-reductive conditions; (ii) radiolysis effect onto some free amino acid solutions in the same experimental conditions; and (iii) analysis of reported studies of reductive radical stress onto albumin.

自从这项技术的初始阶段以来，就已经研究了电离辐射对蛋白质的影响。这些影响可以是直接的也可以是间接的，并且根据辐照条件和样品制备，可能会发生许多自由基反应。最近，出于技术目的，已经通过在大量乙醇存在下辐照蛋白质溶液来制备白蛋白纳米颗粒。

蛋白质纳米颗粒制剂中的辐射诱导的交联过程尚待研究。因此，在本工作中，对不同的实验数据和报告的结果进行了评估，以讨论该过程涉及的自由基反应。

根据对溶剂辐射分解的定量分析，根据报告的数据和一些关键的实验确定，羟乙基自由基和溶剂化电子是介质中存在的主要辐射分解物种。用紫外线-可见光谱和荧光光谱以及HPLC-EIS-MS / MS对选定的溶于高量乙醇的水中溶解的游离氨基酸进行伽玛射线辐照，以研究通过放射分解进行修饰的程度。氨基酸（如丙氨酸，酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸）的化学修饰程度较低；同时，通过溶剂辐照对组氨酸，胱氨酸和色氨酸进行了修饰。使用SDS-PAGE，证明了可还原的化学桥参与了纳米粒子的稳定化。在以下基础上讨论了涉及白蛋白纳米颗粒制备的交联过程的原型模型：（i）在还原和非还原条件下对白蛋白纳米颗粒的蛋白质组成进行SDS-PAGE分析；（ii）在相同实验条件下对某些游离氨基酸溶液的辐射分解作用；（iii）分析对白蛋白的还原性自由基应激的研究报道。