In toxicology, there is a strong push towards replacing animal experiments with alternative methods, which include cell-based in vitro methods for the assessment of adverse health effects in humans. High-throughput methods are of central interest due to the large and steadily growing numbers of compounds that require assessment. Tremendous progress has been made during the last decade in developing and applying such methods. Innovative technologies for addressing complex biological interactions include induced pluripotent stem cell- and organoid-based approaches, organotypic coculture systems, and microfluidic ‘multiorgan’ chips. Combining in vitro methods with bioinformatics and in silico modeling generates new powerful tools for toxicity assessment, and the rapid progress in the field is expected to continue.

在毒理学方面，大力推动用替代方法替代动物实验，这些方法包括基于细胞的体外方法，用于评估对人体有害的健康影响。由于需要评估的化合物数量众多且稳步增长，因此高通量方法备受关注。在过去的十年中，在开发和应用这种方法方面已经取得了巨大的进步。解决复杂生物相互作用的创新技术包括基于多能干细胞和类器官的诱导方法，有机型共培养系统和微流体“多器官”芯片。将体外方法与生物信息学和计算机技术相结合 建模为毒性评估提供了新的强大工具，并且该领域的快速进展有望继续。