There is an increasing interest in osteoporosis and reduced bone mineral density affecting not only post-menopausal women but also men, particularly with coexisting chronic diseases. Bone status in patients with stable chronic heart failure (HF) has been rarely studied so far. HF and osteoporosis are highly prevalent aging-related syndromes that exact a huge impact on society. Both disorders are common causes of loss of function and independence, and of prolonged hospitalizations, presenting a heavy burden on the health care system. The most devastating complication of osteoporosis is hip fracture, which is associated with high mortality risk and among those who survive, leads to a loss of function and independence often necessitating admission to long-term care. Current HF guidelines do not suggest screening methods or patient education in terms of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture. This review may serve as a solid base to discuss the need for bone health evaluation in HF patients.

中文翻译：

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心脏衰竭。

人们越来越关注骨质疏松症和降低骨矿物质密度，不仅影响绝经后妇女，而且影响男性，特别是与并存的慢性疾病有关。迄今为止，很少有人研究过稳定的慢性心力衰竭（HF）患者的骨状态。HF和骨质疏松症是高度流行的衰老相关综合征，对社会产生巨大影响。两种疾病都是导致功能丧失和独立性以及住院时间延长的常见原因，给医疗保健系统带来沉重负担。骨质疏松症最具破坏性的并发症是髋部骨折，这与高死亡风险相关，并且在存活者中，导致功能丧失和独立性往往需要长期护理。当前的HF指南不建议就骨质疏松症或骨质疏松性骨折进行筛查方法或对患者进行教育。该综述可以作为讨论HF患者骨骼健康评估需求的坚实基础。