Discovered in the late 1980s as an extracellular vesicle of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes, exosomes recently gained scientific attention due to its role in intercellular communication. Exosomes have now been identified to carry cell-specific cargo of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other biologically active molecules. Exosomes can be selectively taken up by neighboring or distant cells, which has shown to result in structural and functional responses in the recipient cells. Recent advances indicate the regulation of exosomes at various steps, including their biogenesis, selection of their cargo, as well as cell-specific uptake. This review will shed light on the differences between the type of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of the regulation of exosome biogenesis, secretion, and uptake.

中文翻译：

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微小沟通者的内在视野：外泌体的生物发生，分泌和吸收。

外泌体在1980年代后期被发现为网状细胞分泌的内体来源的胞外囊泡，由于其在细胞间通讯中的作用，近来受到了科学的关注。现已鉴定出外来体可携带细胞特异性的核酸，蛋白质，脂质和其他生物活性分子。外来体可以被邻近或远处的细胞选择性地摄取，这已经表明在受体细胞中导致结构和功能反应。最近的进展表明外泌体在各个步骤的调控，包括它们的生物发生，其货物的选择以及细胞特异性摄取。这篇综述将阐明细胞外囊泡类型之间的差异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了对外泌体生物发生调控的最新进展，