Habitat fragmentation threatens plant and pollinator communities, as well as their interactions. However, the effects of landscape fragmentation on the pollination of wild plant species are not well understood yet, partly because there are many correlated features in fragmented landscapes (e.g., decreased patch size, increased isolation, and patch complexity) whose influences are difficult to disentangle. Using a structural equation modeling approach, we assessed the direct and indirect effects of landscape fragmentation (patch size, isolation and complexity, percentage of surrounding land in forest) on the abundance, functional‐group richness, and evenness of pollinators of 24 habitat fragments within an agricultural landscape in Southern Norway. In addition, we studied how these variables affected visitation rates (visits per flower) and seed production (seed set, seed mass) in the four most abundant plant species in the area. Flower abundance was higher in larger and complex patches and decreased with the percentage of forest in the surroundings, while flower richness increased with patch complexity. We found a direct negative relationship between patch complexity and the overall number of pollinator visits that the habitat fragments received. Apart from this direct landscape effect, pollinator visits were mostly affected by the floral communities, with overall flower abundance and richness increasing both total number of pollinator visits and pollinator‐group richness, and flower richness having an additional negative influence on pollinator‐group evenness. Interestingly, we did not find any direct link between visitation rates and reproductive success for any of the study plant species. Instead, several landscape variables directly affected species seed production, although the effects of landscape on seed production were highly species specific. Patch complexity had a negative effect on seed production in two of the four focal species, while other components of the landscape had species‐specific effects. Increasing fragmentation of agricultural landscapes affects pollination interactions at the community level and the reproduction of wild plants. However, understanding the effects of fragmentation on seed production requires going beyond estimating visitation rates, since landscape effects on plant reproduction are not always related to overall interaction frequencies.

中文翻译：

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消除栖息地破碎对野生植物传粉媒介访问和种子生产的直接和间接影响。

生境碎片化威胁着植物和传粉媒介社区及其相互作用。然而，景观破碎化对野生植物授粉的影响尚未得到很好的理解，部分原因是破碎化景观中有许多相关特征（例如，斑块尺寸减小，隔离度增加和斑块复杂性），其影响难以消除。 。使用结构方程建模方法，我们评估了景观破碎化的直接和间接影响（斑块大小，隔离度和复杂性，森林周围土地的百分比）对其中24个生境碎片授粉媒介的丰度，功能群丰富度和均匀度的影响挪威南部的农业景观。此外，我们研究了这些变量如何影响该地区四种最丰富的植物物种的访问率（每朵花）和种子产量（种子集，种子质量）。在较大且复杂的斑块中，花的丰度较高，并且随着周围森林的百分比而降低，而在斑块的复杂度中，花的丰度则增加。我们发现斑块的复杂性与栖息地碎片收到的传粉者探访总数之间存在直接的负相关关系。除了这种直接的景观效应外，传粉者的访问主要受花木群落的影响，总体花的丰度和丰度增加了传粉者访问的总数和传粉者群体的丰富度，而花的丰富度对传粉者群体的均匀度也产生了负面影响。有趣的是 我们没有发现任何研究植物物种的造访率与繁殖成功之间有任何直接联系。相反，几个景观变量直接影响物种的种子生产，尽管景观对种子生产的影响具有很高的物种特异性。斑块的复杂性对四个焦点物种中的两个不利于种子生产，而景观的其他组成部分则具有特定物种的影响。农业景观破碎化的加剧影响了社区一级的授粉相互作用和野生植物的繁殖。但是，要了解碎片化对种子生产的影响，就需要估算访问率，因为景观对植物繁殖的影响并不总是与总体相互作用频率有关。