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Ultrastructural insights into pathogen clearance by autophagy.
Traffic ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 , DOI: 10.1111/tra.12723
Chieko Kishi-Itakura 1, 2 , Nicholas T Ktistakis 2 , Folma Buss 1
Affiliation  

Autophagy defends cells against proliferation of bacteria such as Salmonella in the cytosol. After escape from a damaged Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) exposing luminal glycans that bind to Galectin-8, the host cell ubiquitination machinery deposits a dense layer of ubiquitin around the cytosolic bacteria. The nature and spatial distribution of this ubiquitin coat in relation to other autophagy-related membranes are unknown. Using Transmission Electron Microscopy we determined the exact localisation of ubiquitin, the ruptured SCV membrane and phagophores around cytosolic Salmonella. Ubiquitin was not predominantly present on the Salmonella surface, but enriched on the fragmented SCV. Cytosolic bacteria without SCVs were less efficiently targeted by phagophores. Single bacteria were contained in single phagophores but multiple bacteria could be within large autophagic vacuoles reaching 30 μm in circumference. These large phagophores followed the contour of the engulfed bacteria, they were frequently in close association with endoplasmic reticulum membranes and, within them, remnants of the SCV were seen associated with each engulfed particle. Our data suggest that the Salmonella SCV has a major role in the formation of autophagic phagophores and highlight evolutionary conserved parallel mechanisms between xenophagy and mitophagy with the fragmented SCV and the damaged outer mitochondrial membrane serving similar functions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译:

通过自噬清除病原体的超微结构洞察。

自噬保护细胞免受胞质溶胶中沙门氏菌等细菌的增殖。在从受损的含有沙门氏菌的液泡 (SCV) 中逃脱后,暴露出与 Galectin-8 结合的管腔聚糖,宿主细胞泛素化机制在胞质细菌周围沉积一层致密的泛素。这种泛素外壳相对于其他自噬相关膜的性质和空间分布尚不清楚。使用透射电子显微镜,我们确定了遍在蛋白、破裂的 SCV 膜和细胞溶质沙门氏菌周围的吞噬细胞的确切位置。泛素并不主要存在于沙门氏菌表面,而是在片段化的 SCV 上富集。没有 SCV 的细胞溶质细菌被吞噬细胞靶向的效率较低。单个细菌包含在单个吞噬泡中,但多个细菌可能位于周长达到 30 μm 的大自噬泡内。这些大的吞噬细胞遵循被吞噬细菌的轮廓,它们经常与内质网膜密切相关,并且在它们内部,可以看到 SCV 的残余物与每个被吞噬的颗粒相关。我们的数据表明,沙门氏菌 SCV 在自噬吞噬细胞的形成中起着重要作用,并突出了异种自噬和线粒体自噬之间的进化保守平行机制,其中破碎的 SCV 和受损的线粒体外膜具有相似的功能。本文受版权保护。版权所有。这些大的吞噬细胞遵循被吞噬细菌的轮廓,它们经常与内质网膜密切相关,并且在它们内部,可以看到 SCV 的残余物与每个被吞噬的颗粒相关。我们的数据表明,沙门氏菌 SCV 在自噬吞噬细胞的形成中起着重要作用,并突出了异种自噬和线粒体自噬之间的进化保守平行机制,其中破碎的 SCV 和受损的线粒体外膜具有相似的功能。本文受版权保护。版权所有。这些大的吞噬细胞遵循被吞噬细菌的轮廓,它们经常与内质网膜密切相关,并且在它们内部,可以看到 SCV 的残余物与每个被吞噬的颗粒相关。我们的数据表明,沙门氏菌 SCV 在自噬吞噬细胞的形成中起着重要作用,并突出了异种自噬和线粒体自噬之间的进化保守平行机制,其中破碎的 SCV 和受损的线粒体外膜具有相似的功能。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们的数据表明,沙门氏菌 SCV 在自噬吞噬细胞的形成中起着重要作用,并突出了异种自噬和线粒体自噬之间的进化保守平行机制,其中破碎的 SCV 和受损的线粒体外膜具有相似的功能。本文受版权保护。版权所有。我们的数据表明,沙门氏菌 SCV 在自噬吞噬细胞的形成中起着重要作用,并突出了异种自噬和线粒体自噬之间的进化保守平行机制,其中破碎的 SCV 和受损的线粒体外膜具有相似的功能。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
更新日期:2020-03-12
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