Abstract Based on the great advances of the nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the last decade, nanomedicine combining the nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology has been attracting intensive attentions worldwide owing to its bright prospects in generating numerous theranostic modalities against various pathological lesions. Nevertheless, synthetic nanomaterials-based nanomedicine is now facing critical challenges of less effective targeting and insufficient accumulations at pathological sites, raising the critical issues of exaggerated therapeutic dosages and the consequent risks of biosafety. Alternatively, natural microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses have evolved to be capable of targeting certain types of cells effectively by specific mechanisms such as tropism, which enable them to serve as natural vesicles for targeted cargo delivery. By the hybridization of the nanomaterials and microorganisms, researchers nowadays can build versatile microbial nanohybrids for novel and promising nanomedical therapeutics. In this review, we will start from the fundamentals of the physiochemical properties of the microorganisms, and summarize the most recent progress in the basic construction methodologies of microbial nanohybrids and their distinct therapeutic performances for various diseases. The perspectives, promising research frontiers and remaining challenges in this interdisciplinary area will be comprehensively outlooked to provide insights towards the “swallowing the surgeon” envisions.

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纳米材料/微生物整合微生物纳米医学

摘要 基于近十年来纳米材料和纳米技术的巨大进步，纳米材料与纳米生物技术相结合的纳米医学因其在针对各种病理病变产生多种治疗诊断方式方面的广阔前景而受到全世界的广泛关注。然而，基于合成纳米材料的纳米药物现在面临着靶向性较差和病理部位积累不足的严峻挑战，提出了夸大治疗剂量和随之而来的生物安全风险的关键问题。或者，天然微生物（如细菌和病毒）已经进化为能够通过特定机制（如趋向性）有效靶向某些类型的细胞，这使它们能够作为靶向货物递送的天然囊泡。通过纳米材料和微生物的杂交，如今的研究人员可以构建多功能微生物纳米混合物，用于新型和有前途的纳米医学疗法。在这篇综述中，我们将从微生物的理化性质的基础开始，总结微生物纳米杂化物的基本构建方法及其对各种疾病的独特治疗性能的最新进展。该跨学科领域的观点、有前途的研究前沿和剩余的挑战将被全面展望，以提供对“吞下外科医生”设想的见解。我们将从微生物的理化性质的基本原理出发，总结微生物纳米杂化物的基本构建方法及其对各种疾病的独特治疗性能的最新进展。该跨学科领域的观点、有前途的研究前沿和剩余的挑战将被全面展望，以提供对“吞下外科医生”设想的见解。我们将从微生物的理化性质的基本原理出发，总结微生物纳米杂化物的基本构建方法及其对各种疾病的独特治疗性能的最新进展。该跨学科领域的观点、有前途的研究前沿和剩余的挑战将被全面展望，以提供对“吞下外科医生”设想的见解。