Being the green gold of the future, microalgae and cyanobacteria have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, for their metabolites such as lipids, protein, pigments, and bioactive compounds have immense potential for sustainable energy and pharmaceutical production capabilities. In the last decades, the efforts attended to enhance the usage of microalgae and cyanobacteria by genetic manipulation, synthetic and metabolic engineering. However, the development of photoautotrophic cell factories have rarely compared to the heterotrophic counterparts due to limited tools, bioinformatics, and multi‐omics database. Therefore, recent advances of their genome editing techniques by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, and potential applications of their metabolic engineering and regulation approaches are examined in this review. Moreover, the contemporary achievements of synthetic biology approaches of microalgae and cyanobacteria in carbon fixation and sequestration, lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG), and sustainable production of high value‐added chemicals, such as carotenoids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been also discussed. From recent genomic study to trends in metabolic regulation of microalgae and cyanobacteria and a comprehensive assessment of the current challenges and opportunities for microalgae and cyanobacteria is also conducted.

中文翻译：

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对基因组编辑和合成生物学在微藻类和蓝细菌代谢工程中的应用进行了综述。

作为未来的绿色黄金，微藻和蓝细菌最近在世界范围内引起了广泛关注，因为它们的代谢产物，例如脂质，蛋白质，色素和生物活性化合物，具有巨大的可持续能源和医药生产能力。在过去的几十年中，人们通过基因操作，合成和代谢工程提高了微藻和蓝细菌的利用率。然而，由于工具，生物信息学和多组学数据库的限制，光自养细胞工厂的发展与异养植物相比很少。因此，通过聚簇规则间隔的短回文重复序列（CRISPR）技术进行的基因组编辑技术的最新进展，本综述探讨了它们的代谢工程和调控方法的潜在应用。此外，还讨论了微藻和蓝细菌的合成生物学方法在碳固定和隔离，脂质和三酰基甘油（TAG）以及可持续生产高附加值化学品（如类胡萝卜素和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA））方面的当代成就。 。从最近的基因组研究到微藻和蓝细菌代谢调控的趋势，并对微藻和蓝细菌的当前挑战和机遇进行了全面评估。还讨论了高附加值化学品的可持续生产，例如类胡萝卜素和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。从最近的基因组研究到微藻和蓝细菌代谢调控的趋势，并对微藻和蓝细菌的当前挑战和机遇进行了全面评估。还讨论了高附加值化学品的可持续生产，例如类胡萝卜素和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。从最近的基因组研究到微藻和蓝细菌代谢调控的趋势，并对微藻和蓝细菌的当前挑战和机遇进行了全面评估。