Waterlogging on croplands is increasing in various areas of the world. This study evaluated the yield penalty by early and late waterlogging on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plants cultivated outdoors were exposed to a 14‐day waterlogging during vegetative (at 65 days after sowing (DAS)) or reproductive (at 85/87 DAS) stages, followed by drained conditions until maturity. Yield (seed weight per plant) and its components (number of spikes/siliques/pods per plant, number of grains per spike/silique/pod and 1,000 grain weight) were assessed at maturity, along with morphological (number of tillers/branches) and shoot and root dry weight responses after waterlogging and during recovery. Wheat was the most tolerant species achieving 86% and 71% of controls in yield with early and late waterlogging, related to fewer grains per spike. Barley and rapeseed tolerated early waterlogging (yields 85% and 79% of controls) as compared to late waterlogging (32% and 26% of controls), mainly due to fewer spikes per plant (barley) or reductions in seeds per silique (rapeseed). Field pea was greatly affected by waterlogging at both timings, attaining a yield of only 6% of controls on average due to much fewer pods and fewer seeds per pod. So, wheat could be an option for areas facing either winter or spring transient waterlogging (i.e. early or late stages); barley and rapeseed are recommended only with if water excess occurs in early stages and field pea is intolerant to waterlogging.

中文翻译：

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浸水对小麦，大麦，油菜籽和豌豆的产量及其组成的影响取决于发生的时间

在世界各地，农田的涝灾正在增加。这项研究通过在小麦（Triticum aestivum L.），大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.），油菜籽（Brassica napus L.）和豌豆（Pisum sativum）上进行早涝和后期涝来评估产量损失。L.）。在营养期（播种（DAS）后65天）或繁殖期（85/87 DAS），室外种植的植物在14天的渍水过程中一直处于排水状态，直至成熟。评估成熟时的产量（每株种子的重量）及其组成部分（每株穗数/长角果/荚果，每穗/长角果/荚果的谷粒数量和1,000粒重）以及形态学（分till /枝数）淹水后和恢复期间芽和根的干重响应。小麦是最能忍受的物种，在早涝和晚涝期间，单产分别达到对照的86％和71％，这与单穗粒数减少有关。大麦和油菜籽能忍受早期涝渍（对照的产率为85％和79％），而晚期涝渍（对照为32％和26％），主要是由于单株（大麦）的穗数减少或单果（油菜籽）的种子减少。豌豆在两个时期都受到淹水的严重影响，由于豆荚少得多，每个豆荚的种子少，平均产量仅为对照的6％。因此，对于面临冬季或春季短暂涝灾的地区（即早期或晚期），小麦可能是一种选择；大麦和油菜籽仅在早期出现过量水分且豌豆不耐涝的情况下才建议使用。