The main purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of elastic band resistance training (EBRT) on muscle quality (MQ), serum osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) biomarkers, bone density and functional profile in women living with OSO syndrome. The eligible participants, aged 65 to 80 years, were selected by a physician. Accordingly, a total number of 63 women with OSO syndrome were recruited and assessed using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instrument, body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2, -2.5 ≤ T-score ≤ -1.0 of L1-L4, and/or total femur or femoral neck, and gait speed (10-meter walk test (10MWT)) ≤ 1 (m/s2). The 12-week supervised EBRT was designed to train all major muscle groups for 3 times per week. In the first two sessions, the participants became familiar with targeted number of repetitions (TNRs) and OMNI-resistance exercise scale (OMNI-RES) to control exercise intensity. Following an adaptation phase of 4 weeks (1 set of 12 rep) using low resistance (yellow Thera-Band), exercise intensity progressively increased by adapting the resistance of the elastic band (based on the Thera-Band® force-elongation table) from yellow to red and further to black. The participants in the control group also received telephone contacts or face-to-face interviews on a weekly basis to maintain their typical diet and activity habits. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed to determine the main changes (2 times×2 groups) after 12 weeks of training. Partial eta-squared (ηp2) was additionally used to determine ES in ANOVA tests. At all the stages of data analysis in this RCT, intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed. The results of two-way ANOVA showed significant elevations in E2 (F = 7.881, p = 0.006, ES = 0.079), MQ (F = 4.225, p = 0.043, ES = 0.044), OSO Z-score (F = 7.091, p = 0.030, ES = 0.069), 30-s chair stand test (F = 4.599, p = 0.036, ES = 0.063) and hand grip strength (F = 6.411, p = 0.013, ES = 0.065) in the experimental group compared with those in the controls. Besides, there were no significant differences in CAF (F = 0.456, p = 0.501, ES = 0.005), CTX-I (F = 3.427, p = 0.067, ES = 0.036), adiponectin (F = 2.733, p = 0.102, ES = 0.029), sTnT (F = 3.245, p = 0.075, ES = 0.034), sclerostin (F = 2.927, p = 0.091, ES = 0.034), gait speed (10MWT) (F = 1.524, p = 0.220, ES = 0.016), 6MWT (F = 1.169, p = 0.284, ES = 0.017) and TUG (F = 1.502, p = 0.225, ES = 0.022), BMI (F = 0.354, p = 0.553, ES = 0.004), BFP (F = 2.888, p = 0.093, ES = 0.030), body mass content (BMC) (F = 0.030, p = 0.862, ES = 0.001) and BMD (F = 0.335, p = 0.564, ES = 0.004) between study groups. Taken together, the results of this study illustrated significant differences only in some OSO markers between groups after 48 h of chronic EBRT in women affected with OSO syndrome. Further research is thus recommended to design machine-based and elastic band-based training regimes at different intensities and volumes.

中文翻译：

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弹力带阻力训练后的骨软骨减少症肥胖标志物：一项随机对照试验。

本研究的主要目的是研究弹性带抵抗训练（EBRT）对患有OSO综合征的女性的肌肉质量（MQ），血清骨肉性肥胖（OSO）生物标志物，骨密度和功能特征的影响。由医师选择年龄在65至80岁之间的合格参与者。因此，总共招募了63名患有OSO综合征的女性，并使用双能X线吸收仪（DXA）进行了评估，其身体质量指数（BMI）> 30 kg / m2，-2.5≤T得分≤-1.0 L1-L4和/或股骨或股骨颈总和，步态速度（10米步行测试（10MWT））≤1（m / s2）。为期12周的受监管EBRT旨在每周训练3次所有主要肌肉群。在前两个会话中 参与者熟悉了目标重复次数（TNR）和OMNI抵抗运动量表（OMNI-RES），以控制运动强度。在使用低阻力（黄色Thera-Band）进行4周的适应阶段（​​1组，每组12次）后，通过调整弹性带的阻力（基于Thera-Band®力-伸长率表），运动强度逐渐增加黄色变为红色，然后进一步变为黑色。对照组的参与者还每周接受电话联系或面对面访谈，以保持其典型的饮食和运动习惯。训练12周后采用两次重复测量方差分析确定主要变化（2次×2组）。此外，在ANOVA测试中还使用了部分平方平方（ηp2）来确定ES。在此RCT中的数据分析的所有阶段，进行意向治疗（ITT）分析。双向方差分析的结果显示E2（F = 7.881，p = 0.006，ES = 0.079），MQ（F = 4.225，p = 0.043，ES = 0.044），OSO Z分数（F = 7.091， p = 0.030，ES = 0.069），实验组比较了30秒的椅子站立测试（F = 4.599，p = 0.036，ES = 0.063）和握力（F = 6.411，p = 0.013，ES = 0.065）与控件中的控件。此外，CAF（F = 0.456，p = 0.501，ES = 0.005），CTX-1（F = 3.427，p = 0.067，ES = 0.036），脂联素（F = 2.733，p = 0.102， ES = 0.029），sTnT（F = 3.245，p = 0.075，ES = 0.034），硬化蛋白（F = 2.927，p = 0.091，ES = 0.034），步态速度（10MWT）（F = 1.524，p = 0.220，ES = 0.016），6MWT（F = 1.169，p = 0.284，ES = 0.017）和TUG（F = 1.502，p = 0.225，ES = 0.022），BMI（F = 0.354，p = 0.553，ES = 0。004），BFP（F = 2.888，p = 0.093，ES = 0.030），体重含量（BMC）（F = 0.030，p = 0.862，ES = 0.001）和BMD（F = 0.335，p = 0.564，ES = 0.004）在研究组之间。综上所述，这项研究的结果表明，在患有OSO综合征的女性中，慢性EBRT治疗48小时后，各组之间的某些OSO标记之间仅存在显着差异。因此，建议进行进一步的研究，以设计不同强度和体积的基于机器和基于弹性带的训练方案。