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Echo in complex networks
Physical Review E ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-21 , DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.022216
Richa Phogat , Sudeshna Sinha , P. Parmananda

Large populations of globally coupled or uncoupled oscillators have been recently shown to exhibit an intriguing echo behavior [Ott, Platig, Antonsen, and Girvan, Chaos: An Interdiscip. J. Nonlinear Sci. 18, 037115 (2008); Chen, Tinsley, Ott, and Showalter, Phys. Rev. X 6, 041054 (2016)], wherein a system is perturbed by two successive pulses at times T and T+τ inducing a spontaneous increase in the order parameter at the given times. These two provoked increments in the order parameter are followed by an unprovoked spontaneous increment in the order parameter at time T+2τ termed as an echo. In this paper, the effects of network topology on the emergence of an echo are explored. Two principal network parameters, namely, average degree and network randomness, are varied for this purpose. The networks are rewired to increase randomness in the network connections using the Watts-Strogatz algorithm to generate small world networks [Watts and Strogatz, Nature (London) 393, 440 (1998)]. Thus, the whole span of networks ranging from a regular ring to a completely random network is explored. The average degree of the underlying connectivity, starting from nearest neighbor connections, is also monotonically increased and its effects on the echo behavior are analyzed. We find that for rings with low average degrees and high coupling strengths a discernible echo is not observed. Remarkably, an echo reemerges in the presence of sufficient randomness in the connections for such networks. For a regular ring network, increasing the average degree after a critical value also yields a transition to echo behavior. However, for completely random networks echoes are present in networks of all average degrees. This suggests that randomizing connections can induce echoes in systems even when the average degree of connections is very low. Another subtle feature arises for intermediate randomness, where the system exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence of the echo size on average degree. The echo size was found to be minimum at an intermediate value of the average degree. Lastly we consider the influence of dynamically changing links on the echo size and demonstrate that time-varying connections destroy the echo in low average degree networks, while the echo persists under dynamic links in high average degree networks. So our results clearly demarcate the class of networks that are robust candidates for exhibiting echoes, as well as provide caveats for the observation of echoes in networks.

中文翻译:

复杂网络中的回声

最近已显示出大量的全局耦合或非耦合振荡器表现出令人着迷的回声行为[Ott,Platig,Antonsen,以及Girvan,《Chaos:一种交叉》。J.非线性科学。 18,037115(2008); Chen,Tinsley,Ott和Showalter,Phys。启X 6,041054(2016)],其中一个系统是由两个连续脉冲在时间扰动ŤŤ+τ在给定时间导致阶数参数自发增加。顺序参数中这两个引起的增量,随后是顺序参数中一个非自发的自发增量Ť+2τ被称为回声。本文探讨了网络拓扑对回波出现的影响。为此,改变了两个主要的网络参数,即平均程度和网络随机性。使用Watts-Strogatz算法对网络进行重新布线以增加网络连接的随机性,以生成小型世界网络[Watts和Strogatz,自然(伦敦) 393,440(1998)]。因此,探索了从规则环到完全随机网络的整个网络范围。从最近的邻居连接开始,基础连接的平均程度也会单调增加,并分析其对回声行为的影响。我们发现,对于具有低平均度和高耦合强度的环,没有观察到明显的回声。值得注意的是,在这种网络的连接中,如果存在足够的随机性,回波就会重新出现。对于常规的环形网络,在临界值之后增加平均度也会导致过渡到回波行为。但是,对于完全随机的网络,回波存在于所有平均度的网络中。这表明,即使平均连接度很低,随机连接也会在系统中引起回波。对于中间随机性,另一个微妙的特征出现了,其中系统表现出回声大小对平均程度的非单调依赖性。发现回波大小在平均程度的中间值处最小。最后,我们考虑了动态变化的链路对回波大小的影响,并证明时变连接在低平均度网络中破坏了回波,而回波在高平均度网络中的动态链路下仍然存在。因此,我们的结果清楚地划分了显示回声的可靠候选网络类别,并为观察网络中的回声提供了警告。其中系统表现出回声大小对平均程度的非单调依赖性。发现回波大小在平均程度的中间值处最小。最后,我们考虑了动态变化的链路对回波大小的影响,并证明时变连接在低平均度网络中破坏了回波,而回波在高平均度网络中的动态链路下仍然存在。因此,我们的结果清楚地划分了显示回声的可靠候选网络类别,并为观察网络中的回声提供了警告。其中系统表现出回声大小对平均程度的非单调依赖性。发现回波大小在平均程度的中间值处最小。最后,我们考虑了动态变化的链路对回波大小的影响,并证明时变连接在低平均度网络中破坏了回波,而回波在高平均度网络中的动态链路下仍然存在。因此,我们的结果清楚地划分了显示回声的可靠候选网络类别,并为观察网络中的回声提供了警告。最后,我们考虑了动态变化的链路对回波大小的影响,并证明时变连接在低平均度网络中破坏了回波,而回波在高平均度网络中的动态链路下仍然存在。因此,我们的结果清楚地划分了显示回声的可靠候选网络类别,并为观察网络中的回声提供了警告。最后,我们考虑了动态变化的链路对回波大小的影响,并证明时变连接在低平均度网络中破坏了回波,而回波在高平均度网络中的动态链路下仍然存在。因此,我们的结果清楚地划分了显示回声的可靠候选网络类别,并为观察网络中的回声提供了警告。
更新日期:2020-02-21
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