Policy-makers and practitioners are increasingly interested in information about ecosystem services (ES), but the creation of indicators that are comprehensive and yet interpretable for stakeholders remains a challenge. In this study, we make use of the extensive body of research on ES and available data to quantify the value of land-use types from an ES perspective. Specifically, we estimate the supply of 19 important ES for the main land-use types on the basis of 58 ecosystem and landscape measures (capturing either state, quantity or process) derived from the literature. In addition, we used survey-based evidence of socio-cultural values of ES to integrate society’s demand for ES. Our approach allows for an integrative assessment and comparison of land-use types, considering both the supply and demand of multiple ES, and the production of outputs at three levels of aggregation, relating to (1) individual ES, (2) ES categories, and (3) land-use types. This makes it possible to flexibly adapt outputs according to the needs of stakeholders, while balancing concerns of comprehensiveness and ease of use. We conclude with a discussion of further avenues for future research, calling for a stronger coordination of ES research and the establishment of shared databases on ES.

决策者和从业者对生态系统服务（ES）的信息越来越感兴趣，但是创建全面的，但对利益相关者可以解释的指标仍然是一个挑战。在这项研究中，我们利用有关ES的广泛研究和可用数据来从ES角度量化土地利用类型的价值。具体而言，我们根据文献中得出的58种生态系统和景观测量值（捕获状态，数量或过程）估算了主要土地利用类型的19种重要生态系统的供应。此外，我们使用了基于调查的ES的社会文化价值证据来整合社会对ES的需求。考虑到多个ES的供求，我们的方法可以对土地利用类型进行综合评估和比较，以及与（1）个体生态系统，（2）生态系统类别和（3）土地利用类型有关的三个层面的产出。这样就可以根据利益相关者的需求灵活地调整输出，同时兼顾全面性和易用性。最后，我们讨论了未来研究的进一步途径，呼吁加强ES研究的协调并建立ES共享数据库。