Invasive alien species are a significant threat to both economic and ecological systems. Identifying processes that give rise to invasive populations is essential for implementing effective control strategies. We conducted an ancestry analysis of invasive feral swine (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758), a highly destructive ungulate that is widely distributed throughout the contiguous United States, to describe introduction pathways, sources of newly-emergent populations, and processes contributing to an ongoing invasion. Comparisons of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes for 6,566 invasive feral swine to a comprehensive reference set of S. scrofa revealed that the vast majority of feral swine were of mixed ancestry, with dominant genetic associations to Western heritage breeds of domestic pig and European populations of wild boar. Further, the rapid expansion of invasive feral swine over the past 30 years was attributable to secondary introductions from established populations of admixed ancestry as opposed to direct introductions of domestic breeds or wild boar. Spatially-widespread genetic associations of invasive feral swine to European wild boar deviated strongly from historical S. scrofa introduction pressure, which was largely restricted to domestic pigs with infrequent, localized wild boar releases. The deviation between historical introduction pressure and contemporary genetic ancestry suggests wild boar-hybridization may contribute to differential fitness in the environment and heightened invasive potential for individuals of admixed domestic pig-wild boar ancestry.

中文翻译：

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来自野生和家系的混合血统有助于入侵性野猪的迅速扩张。

外来入侵物种对经济和生态系统均构成重大威胁。识别引起入侵人群的过程对于实施有效的控制策略至关重要。我们对入侵性野猪（Sus scrofa，Linnaeus，1758）进行了先祖分析，该野猪是高度毁灭性的有蹄类动物，广泛分布于美国各地，以描述引入途径，新近出现的种群来源以及持续不断的繁殖过程。入侵。将6,566种侵袭性野生猪的高密度单核苷酸多态性基因型与S. scrofa的综合参考集进行比较后发现，绝大多数野生猪是混合血统，与西方传统品种的家养猪和欧洲种群具有显性遗传关联野猪 此外，在过去的30年中，侵袭性野猪的迅速扩张归因于从混合血统的既定种群中进行的二次引进，而不是直接引入国内品种或野猪。入侵性野猪与欧洲野猪在空间上的广泛遗传关联与历史上的S. scrofa引入压力有很大的偏离，后者主要限于不经常出现局部野猪释放的家猪。历史引进压力与当代遗传血统之间的差异表明，野猪杂交可能会导致环境中的适应性差异，并增加了混合的家养猪野猪血统个体的入侵潜力。在过去的30年中，入侵性野猪的迅速扩张归因于混合血统的既定种群的二次引进，而不是直接引入国内品种或野猪。入侵性野猪与欧洲野猪在空间上的广泛遗传联系与历史上的S. scrofa引入压力有很大的偏离，后者主要限于不经常发生局部野猪释放的家猪。历史引进压力与当代遗传血统之间的差异表明，野猪杂交可能会导致环境中的适应性差异，并增加了混合的家养猪野猪血统个体的入侵潜力。在过去的30年中，侵袭性野猪的迅速扩张归因于从混合血统的既定种群中进行的二次引进，而不是直接引入国内品种或野猪。入侵性野猪与欧洲野猪在空间上的广泛遗传联系与历史上的S. scrofa引入压力有很大的偏离，后者主要限于不经常发生局部野猪释放的家猪。历史引进压力与当代遗传血统之间的差异表明，野猪杂交可能会导致环境中的适应性差异，并增加了混合的家养猪野猪血统个体的入侵潜力。