Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer therapy. Irrespective of the administered drug, it is crucial that adequate drug amounts reach all cancer cells. To achieve this, drugs first need to be absorbed, then enter the blood circulation, diffuse into the tumor interstitial space and finally reach the tumor cells. Next to chemoresistance, one of the most important factors for effective chemotherapy is adequate tumor drug uptake and penetration. Unfortunately, most chemotherapeutic agents do not have favorable properties. These compounds are cleared rapidly, distribute throughout all tissues in the body, with only low tumor drug uptake that is heterogeneously distributed within the tumor. Moreover, the typical microenvironment of solid cancers provides additional hurdles for drug delivery, such as heterogeneous vascular density and perfusion, high interstitial fluid pressure, and abundant stroma. The hope was that nanotechnology will solve most, if not all, of these drug delivery barriers. However, in spite of advances and decades of nanoparticle development, results are unsatisfactory. One promising recent development are nanoparticles which can be steered, and release content triggered by internal or external signals. Here we discuss these so-called smart drug delivery systems in cancer therapy with emphasis on mild hyperthermia as a trigger signal for drug delivery.

化疗是癌症治疗的基石。无论使用何种药物，让足够的药物量到达所有癌细胞都是至关重要的。为此，药物首先需要被吸收，然后进入血液循环，扩散到肿瘤间质空间，最后到达肿瘤细胞。除了化疗耐药性，有效化疗的最重要因素之一是足够的肿瘤药物吸收和渗透。不幸的是，大多数化学治疗剂不具有有利的特性。这些化合物被迅速清除，分布在身体的所有组织中，只有低的肿瘤药物吸收在肿瘤内异质分布。此外，实体癌的典型微环境为药物递送提供了额外的障碍，例如异质的血管密度和灌注，间质液压力高，间质丰富。希望纳米技术能够解决大部分（如果不是全部）这些药物输送障碍。然而，尽管纳米粒子取得了进步和几十年的发展，但结果并不令人满意。最近一项有希望的发展是纳米粒子，它可以被操纵，并释放由内部或外部信号触发的内容。在这里，我们讨论了癌症治疗中这些所谓的智能药物输送系统，重点是温和的高热作为药物输送的触发信号。并发布由内部或外部信号触发的内容。在这里，我们讨论了癌症治疗中这些所谓的智能药物输送系统，重点是温和的高热作为药物输送的触发信号。并发布由内部或外部信号触发的内容。在这里，我们讨论了癌症治疗中这些所谓的智能药物输送系统，重点是温和的高热作为药物输送的触发信号。