This study attempts to incorporate spatial heterogeneity into the optimal design of paired-line hybrid transit systems, which aims to strike a better balance between accessibility and efficiency by leveraging the flexibility of a demand adaptive service. A simple trip production and distribution model is introduced to differentiate the central business district (CBD) of a city from its periphery. To cope with the heterogeneous demand pattern, the transit system is also configured differently inside and outside the CBD, for both its fixed route and demand adaptive services. Allowing the supply heterogeneity complicates transit users’ route choice modeling considerably. As a result, user costs must be estimated separately for six subregions that constitute the feasible set of the fixed route headway. Each subregion corresponds to a unique route choice behavior, hence leading to a distinctive design model that is formulated as a mixed integer program and solved by a commercial solver. Results of numerical experiments show that concentrating demand in the CBD significantly reduces the average system cost, and this benefit increases as the average demand density becomes larger. Also, recognizing demand heterogeneity and responding to it with a tailored design can be highly beneficial. However, this benefit diminishes as the average demand density increases.

这项研究试图将空间异质性纳入双线混合运输系统的优化设计中，旨在通过利用需求自适应服务的灵活性在可访问性和效率之间取得更好的平衡。引入了简单的旅行生产和分配模型，以区分城市的中央商务区（CBD）与周边地区。为了应对异构的需求模式，公交系统在CBD的内部和外部也进行了不同的配置，以适应其固定路线和需求自适应服务。允许供应异构性会极大地使运输用户的路线选择建模复杂化。结果，必须分别对构成固定路线进展的可行集合的六个子区域分别估算用户成本。每个子区域对应一个唯一的路径选择行为，因此导致一个独特的设计模型，该模型被设计为混合整数程序并由商业求解器求解。数值实验结果表明，将需求集中在CBD中可显着降低平均系统成本，并且随着平均需求密度变大，此好处也会增加。同样，认识到需求异质性并通过量身定制的设计对其进行响应可能会非常有益。但是，随着平均需求密度的增加，这种好处会减少。并且，随着平均需求密度的增大，这种收益也会增加。同样，认识到需求异质性并通过量身定制的设计对其进行响应可能会非常有益。但是，随着平均需求密度的增加，这种好处会减少。并且，随着平均需求密度的增大，这种收益也会增加。同样，认识到需求异质性并通过量身定制的设计对其进行响应可能会非常有益。但是，随着平均需求密度的增加，这种好处会减少。