In the future power system, an increasing number of distributed energy resources will be integrated including intermittent generation like photovoltaic (PV) and flexible demand like electric vehicles (EVs). It has been long thought to utilize the flexible demand to absorb the PV output locally with the technical solution proposed while an effective commercial arrangement is yet to be developed due to the significant uncertainty associated with local generation. This paper proposes a peer-to-peer (P2P) local electricity market model incorporating both energy trading and uncertainty trading simultaneously. The novelty is to match the forecast power with demand having time flexibility and the uncertain power with demand having power flexibility. This market enables more PV uncertainty to be balanced locally rather than propagating to the upper layer system. In the test case, 55.3% of PV forecast error can be balanced locally in the proposed joint market. In comparison, 43.6% of PV forecast error is balanced locally when the forecast power and uncertain power are traded separately in a day-ahead market and a realtime market. The proposed P2P market can also motivate PV owners to improve forecast accuracy.

中文翻译：

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能源和不确定性联合交易的新型对等本地电力市场

在未来的电力系统中，将集成越来越多的分布式能源，包括间歇性发电（如光伏（PV））和灵活的需求（如电动汽车（EV））。长期以来，人们一直在考虑利用灵活的需求通过提议的技术解决方案在本地吸收光伏输出，而由于与本地发电相关的巨大不确定性，尚未开发出有效的商业安排。本文提出了一种同时包含能源交易和不确定性交易的对等（P2P）本地电力市场模型。新颖之处在于使预测功率与具有时间灵活性的需求相匹配，而不确定功率与具有功率灵活性的需求相匹配。这个市场使更多的光伏不确定性可以在本地得到平衡，而不是传播到上层系统。在测试案例中，可以在提议的联合市场中局部平衡55.3％的PV预测误差。相比之下，当预测功率和不确定功率在日间市场和实时市场中分别进行交易时，PV预测误差的43.6％在本地得到平衡。提议的P2P市场还可以激励光伏所有者提高预测准确性。