Electric power systems foresee challenges in stability due to the high penetration of power electronics interfaced renewable energy sources. The value of energy storage systems (ESS) to provide fast frequency response has been more and more recognized. Although the development of energy storage technologies has made ESSs technically feasible to be integrated in larger scale with required performance, the policies, grid codes and economic issues are still presenting barriers for wider application and investment. Recent years, a few regions and countries have designed new services to meet the upcoming grid challenges. A number of grid-scale ESS projects are also implemented aiming to trial performance, demonstrate values, and gain experience. This paper makes a review on the above mentioned aspects, including the emerging frequency regulation services, updated grid codes and grid-scale ESS projects. Some key technical issues are also discussed and prospects are outlined.

中文翻译：

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储能系统的快速频率响应—电网标准，项目和技术问题的回顾

由于电力电子技术与可再生能源的高度渗透，电力系统预见了稳定性方面的挑战。提供快速频率响应的储能系统（ESS）的价值已得到越来越多的认可。尽管储能技术的发展使ESSs在技术上可行并能够以所需的性能进行大规模集成，但政策，电网法规和经济问题仍然为广泛应用和投资构成障碍。近年来，一些地区和国家已经设计了新的服务来应对即将到来的电网挑战。还实施了许多网格规模的ESS项目，旨在提高性能，展示价值并获得经验。本文对上述方面进行了回顾，包括新兴的频率调节服务，更新的电网规范和电网规模的ESS项目。还讨论了一些关键技术问题，并概述了前景。