The long-term success of peri-implantitis treatments is generally insufficient. Attacking the bacteria on the titanium implant surface using electrochemical polarization could be an alternative approach. In this study an E. coli biofilm in phosphate buffered saline was treated with low current densities (0.25 to 2 mA/cm2) using anodic, cathodic, or combined polarization regimes, either alone or with the antiseptic chlorhexidine. The antibacterial effect was assessed using LIVE/DEAD® staining and through quantification of viable bacteria, sample surfaces were characterized pre- and post-treatment with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All polarization treatments had an antibacterial effect that increased with current density, with at least 1 mA/cm2 necessary to reduce colony forming units by four orders of magnitude. Cathodic treatment was slightly superior to anodic treatment, and there was no difference between alternating polarization and single-type polarization. Neither treatment resulted in a significant detachment of bacteria, but combination with chlorhexidine improved the antibacterial effect synergistically. The use of chloride containing electrolytes is not recommended in this context. The low current densities used here were not sufficient to generate adequate bactericidal chlorine reactive species, but first signs of pitting corrosion were already detected for anodic polarization at 1 mA/cm2.

中文翻译：

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在钛植入物上细菌生物膜的低电流攻击中，不同治疗方案的成功和副作用。

种植体周围炎治疗的长期成功通常是不足的。使用电化学极化攻击钛植入物表面上的细菌可能是另一种方法。在这项研究中，单独或与抗菌洗必泰一起使用阳极，阴极或组合极化方案，以低电流密度（0.25至2 mA / cm2）处理磷酸盐缓冲液中的大肠杆菌生物膜。使用LIVE /DEAD®染色评估抗菌效果，并通过定量活细菌来表征样品表面的电化学阻抗谱处理前后。所有极化处理均具有随电流密度增加的抗菌作用，至少需要1 mA / cm2才能将菌落形成单位减少四个数量级。阴极处理略优于阳极处理，并且交替极化和单型极化之间没有差异。两种处理均未导致细菌的显着分离，但与洗必泰的组合可协同改善抗菌效果。在这种情况下，不建议使用含氯化物的电解质。这里使用的低电流密度不足以产生足够的杀菌氯反应性物质，但是已经检测到在1 mA / cm2的阳极极化下出现点蚀的迹象。但与洗必泰联用可协同提高抗菌效果。在这种情况下，不建议使用含氯化物的电解质。此处使用的低电流密度不足以产生足够的杀菌氯反应性物质，但是已经检测到阳极极化在1 mA / cm2时出现点蚀的迹象。但与洗必泰联用可协同提高抗菌效果。在这种情况下，不建议使用含氯化物的电解质。这里使用的低电流密度不足以产生足够的杀菌氯反应性物质，但是已经检测到在1 mA / cm2的阳极极化下出现点蚀的迹象。