INTRODUCTION Research examining the role of inflammation in psychosis has produced inconsistent results. Variables that influence inflammation, including antipsychotic medication, are inconsistently controlled across studies and variation of inflammatory analytes across stages of psychosis may also influence findings. The purpose of this study was to assess for evidence of immuno-inflammatory dysregulation across the stages of early psychosis. We examined a immuno-inflammatory analytes in subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder, antipsychotic-naïve (-n) and antipsychotic treated (-a) subjects in their first episode of psychosis (FEP), and healthy control (HC) subjects. METHODS A total of 11 subjects at CHR, 50 subjects within their FEP (40 FEP-n, 10 FEP-a), and 10 HC subjects were recruited from early psychosis programs in San Diego and Mexico City. Plasma was collected for biomarker assay. RESULTS Immuno-inflammatory analytes significantly differed between groups: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Eotaxin-1, Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein-10 (IP-10), Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1), Macrophage-Derived Chemokine (MDC), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), Thymus and Activation Regulated Chemokine (TARC), and Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF). Post-hoc analyses revealed an overall pattern of higher levels of IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, TARC, and BDNF in CHR as compared to FEP-a, FEP-n, and HC subjects. CONCLUSIONS Results reveal a profile of immuno-inflammatory dysregulation in early stages of psychosis prior to psychotic conversion and treatment with antipsychotic medication. The CHR phase of early psychosis may represent a period of increased immuno-inflammatory activation, but due to limited sample size, these results deserve replication in a well characterized early psychosis population.

中文翻译：

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早期精神病各阶段的免疫炎症变化：抗精神病药物和疾病阶段的影响

介绍 对炎症在精神病中的作用的研究产生了不一致的结果。影响炎症的变量，包括抗精神病药物，在不同研究中的控制不一致，不同精神病阶段炎症分析物的变化也可能影响研究结果。本研究的目的是评估早期精神病阶段免疫炎症失调的证据。我们检查了临床高危 (CHR) 受试者的免疫炎症分析物，这些受试者患有精神障碍、初次服用抗精神病药 (-n) 和接受抗精神病药治疗 (-a) 的受试者（首次精神病发作 (FEP) 和健康对照） (HC) 科目。方法 共有 11 名 CHR 受试者，50 名 FEP 受试者（40 FEP-n，10 FEP-a），10 名 HC 受试者是从圣地亚哥和墨西哥城的早期精神病项目中招募的。收集血浆用于生物标志物测定。结果 免疫炎症分析物在各组之间显着不同：干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)、Eotaxin-1、干扰素γ-诱导蛋白-10 (IP-10)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (MCP-1)、巨噬细胞衍生的趋化因子 (MDC)、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 1 β (MIP-1β)、胸腺和活化调节趋化因子 (TARC) 和脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF)。事后分析显示，与 FEP-a、FEP-n 和 HC 受试者相比，CHR 中 IL-10、MCP-1、MIP-1β、TARC 和 BDNF 水平较高的总体模式。结论 结果显示，在精神病转变和抗精神病药物治疗之前，精神病早期阶段存在免疫炎症失调的特征。早期精神病的 CHR 阶段可能代表免疫炎症激活增加的时期，但由于样本量有限，这些结果值得在特征明确的早期精神病人群中复制。