Aim Biodiversity is currently undergoing rapid restructuring across the globe. However, the nature of biodiversity change is not well understood, as community-level changes may hide differential responses in individual population trajectories. Here, we quantify spatio-temporal community and stability dynamics using a long-term high-quality moth monitoring dataset.Location Finland, Northern Europe. Time period 1993-2012. Major taxa studied Nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera). Methods We quantified patterns of change in species richness, total abundance, dominance and temporal variability at different organizational levels over a 20 year period and along a latitudinal gradient of 1,100 km. We used mixed-effects and linear models to quantify temporal trends for the different community and stability metrics and to test for latitudinal (or longitudinal) effects. Results We found contrasting patterns for different community metrics, and strong latitudinal patterns. While total moth abundance has declined, species richness has simultaneously increased over the study period, but with rates accelerating with latitude. In addition, we revealed a latitudinal pattern in temporal variability-the northernmost locations exhibited higher variability over time, as quantified by both metrics of richness and aggregated species population trends. Main conclusions When combined, our findings likely reflect an influx of species expanding their ranges poleward in response to warming. The overall decline in abundance and the latitudinal effect on temporal variability highlight potentially severe consequences of global change for community structure and integrity across high-latitude regions. Importantly, our results underscore that increases in species richness may be paralleled by a loss of individuals, which in turn might affect higher trophic levels. Our findings suggest that the ongoing global species redistribution is affecting both community structure and stability over time, leading to compounded and partly opposing effects of global change depending on which biodiversity dimension we focus on.

中文翻译：

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对比高纬度物种丰富的蛾类群落多样性和稳定性的纬度模式

Aim Biodiversity 目前正在全球范围内进行快速重组。然而，生物多样性变化的性质尚不清楚，因为社区层面的变化可能隐藏了个体人口轨迹中的不同反应。在这里，我们使用长期高质量的飞蛾监测数据集量化时空群落和稳定性动态。地点芬兰，北欧。时间段 1993-2012。主要分类群研究夜蛾（鳞翅目）。方法 我们量化了 20 年期间和沿 1,100 公里纬度梯度的不同组织级别的物种丰富度、总丰度、优势和时间变异的变化模式。我们使用混合效应和线性模型来量化不同社区和稳定性指标的时间趋势，并测试纬度（或纵向）效应。结果我们发现了不同社区指标的对比模式，以及强大的纬度模式。虽然总飞蛾丰度有所下降，但在研究期间，物种丰富度同时增加，但随着纬度的增加，速度加快。此外，我们揭示了时间变异的纬度模式——最北端的位置随着时间的推移表现出更高的变异性，这通过丰富度和聚合物种种群趋势的指标进行量化。主要结论 综合起来，我们的发现可能反映了物种的涌入，以响应变暖而向极地扩展其活动范围。丰度的整体下降和对时间变异的纬度影响突出了全球变化对高纬度地区群落结构和完整性的潜在严重后果。重要的是，我们的结果强调，物种丰富度的增加可能伴随着个体的减少，这反过来可能会影响更高的营养水平。我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，正在进行的全球物种重新分布正在影响群落结构和稳定性，导致全球变化的复合和部分相反的影响，这取决于我们关注的生物多样性维度。我们的结果强调，物种丰富度的增加可能伴随着个体的减少，这反过来可能会影响更高的营养水平。我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，正在进行的全球物种重新分布正在影响群落结构和稳定性，导致全球变化的复合和部分相反的影响，这取决于我们关注的生物多样性维度。我们的结果强调，物种丰富度的增加可能伴随着个体的减少，这反过来可能会影响更高的营养水平。我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，正在进行的全球物种重新分布正在影响群落结构和稳定性，导致全球变化的复合和部分相反的影响，这取决于我们关注的生物多样性维度。