Combination therapy is an alternative approach to reduce viral shedding and improve clinical outcomes following influenza virus infections. In this study we used oseltamivir (OST), a neuraminidase inhibitor and nitazoxanide (NTZ), a host directed drug, and found in vitro that the combination of these two antivirals have a synergistic relationship. Using the ferret model of (A/Perth/265/2009, (H1N1)pdm09), virus infections, we found that the combination of NTZ and OST was more effective than either NTZ or OST independently in preventing infection and reducing duration of viral shedding. However, these benefits were only seen if treatment was administered prophylactically, as opposed to therapeutically. We also found that if prophylactically treated ferrets that had detectable virus in the upper respiratory tract, no virus was detected in the lower respiratory tract. This benefit was not observed with NTZ or OST alone. The combination of NTZ and OST enhances the antiviral effect of OST, which is the standard of care in most settings.

中文翻译：

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与奥司他韦单药疗法相比，用硝唑尼特和奥司他韦韦组合预防雪貂在减少甲型流感病毒感染的影响方面更为有效。

联合治疗是减少流感病毒感染后病毒脱落并改善临床结局的另一种方法。在这项研究中，我们使用了神经氨酸酶抑制剂oseltamivir（OST）和宿主导向药物nitazoxanide（NTZ），在体外发现这两种抗病毒药的组合具有协同关系。使用（A / Perth / 265/2009，（H1N1）pdm09）的雪貂模型进行病毒感染，我们发现NTZ和OST的结合比NTZ或OST的结合更有效地预防感染和减少病毒脱落的持续时间。但是，只有在预防性治疗而非治疗性治疗的情况下才能看到这些益处。我们还发现，如果对经过治疗的雪貂在上呼吸道中检测到病毒，在下呼吸道未检测到病毒。仅使用NTZ或OST并没有观察到这种好处。NTZ和OST的组合可增强OST的抗病毒作用，这是大多数情况下的护理标准。