Abstract A new crystallization tower, based on the vertical draw, crystallization-from-the-melt technique of Czochralski, was designed, constructed, and validated for the growth of columnar ice on a range of material surfaces. In its current configuration, the crystallization tower can be used to grow crystalline laminates up to 75 mm thick on rectangular substrates that are up to 90 mm in diameter. Key to the success of this apparatus is the ability to independently control the temperature gradient between the substrate and liquid water reservoir as well as the speed of the linear stage used to regulate vertical motion. By imposing a slow draw rate with a small amount of undercooling, the ice laminates formed on the various surfaces showed close correspondence to the underlying rectangular shape of the substrates. With pre-seeding of the substrates, well-ordered polycrystalline ice with columnar microstructures was grown on aluminum and glass surfaces. Due to the rough, hydrophobic nature of Teflon, the microstructures were less ordered but still columnar. As a result of the low thermal conductivity of glass, larger undercooling was required to achieve growth on these surfaces as compared to aluminum. The crystallization tower can be used to grow ice directly on a variety of surfaces in a highly robust and automated fashion, which is of great utility to ice adhesion studies and investigations into the fundamental properties of ice.

中文翻译：

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通过熔体结晶将淡水柱状冰粘附到材料表面

摘要 基于 Czochralski 的垂直抽拉、熔体结晶技术，设计、建造并验证了一种新的结晶塔，用于柱状冰在一系列材料表面的生长。在目前的配置中，结晶塔可用于在直径达 90 毫米的矩形基板上生长达 75 毫米厚的结晶层压板。该设备成功的关键是能够独立控制基板和液态水库之间的温度梯度以及用于调节垂直运动的线性阶段的速度。通过施加缓慢的拉伸速率和少量的过冷，形成在各个表面上的冰层显示出与基底的底层矩形形状密切对应。通过预先接种基板，在铝和玻璃表面上生长出具有柱状微结构的有序多晶冰。由于 Teflon 的粗糙、疏水性质，微观结构不太有序但仍为柱状。由于玻璃的低热导率，与铝相比，需要更大的过冷度才能在这些表面上实现生长。结晶塔可用于以高度稳健和自动化的方式直接在各种表面上生长冰，这对于冰粘附研究和冰的基本特性研究非常有用。由于玻璃的低热导率，与铝相比，需要更大的过冷度才能在这些表面上实现生长。结晶塔可用于以高度稳健和自动化的方式直接在各种表面上生长冰，这对于冰粘附研究和冰的基本特性研究非常有用。由于玻璃的低热导率，与铝相比，需要更大的过冷度才能在这些表面上实现生长。结晶塔可用于以高度稳健和自动化的方式直接在各种表面上生长冰，这对于冰粘附研究和冰的基本特性研究非常有用。