Abstract The paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of using satellite data to determine the radiation budget NET and its components at the Baltic Sea surface in near real time using a newly established SBRB system (SatBaltyk Radiation Budget). The system enables determination of daily radiation fluxes over the entire Baltic Sea employing data from satellites in combination with data from numerical prognostic models. Data from satellite radiometers like SEVIRI, AVHRR are used together with algorithms that take into account the specificity of this sea and are developed based on large empirical data sets collected in this region. A verification of the system has been carried out based on separate, empirical data collected in 2015 on the oil rig Plat placed on the Baltic Sea and Svenska Hogarna station. The analysis showed that daily average NET had been calculated with RMSD of 15 Wm−2 and R2 = 0.95 for the South Baltic. For downward radiation fluxes in the solar wavelength range (SW) and the terrestrial, thermal wavelength range (LW) RMSD is respectively 11.9 Wm−2 and 9.6 Wm−2 and in both cases increase with latitude. The NET components estimated using SBRB were also compared with the corresponding magnitudes OSI -303-a and OSI 304-a from OSI SAF, EBAF surface Edition 4.0 from CERES and ERA-interim data from ECMWF systems. The main reasons for the discrepancies are discussed. The analyses confirmed the advisability of using local solutions which ensure high accuracy and spatial resolution. SBRB was developed and implemented as part of the comprehensive SatBaltyk System designed to monitor the Baltic Sea environment. The maps together with instantaneous values of the radiation components measured at actinometric stations employed at SatBaltyk System are accessible at www.satbaltyk.iopan.gda.pl . The scheme, algorithms and the way of the SBRB operation are described in detail.

中文翻译：

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用于监测波罗的海表面辐射收支的卫星系统

摘要 本文讨论了使用新建立的 SBRB 系统（SatBaltyk 辐射预算）近乎实时地使用卫星数据确定波罗的海表面辐射预算 NET 及其组成部分的可能性和局限性。该系统能够利用卫星数据和数值预测模型的数据来确定整个波罗的海的每日辐射通量。来自 SEVIRI、AVHRR 等卫星辐射计的数据与考虑到这片海域特殊性的算法一起使用，并基于在该地区收集的大量经验数据集而开发。该系统的验证是根据 2015 年在波罗的海和 Svenska Hogarna 站上的石油钻井平台 Plat 上收集的单独的经验数据进行的。分析表明，对于南波罗的海，每日平均 NET 的计算均方根差为 15 Wm-2，R2 = 0.95。对于太阳波长范围 (SW) 和陆地热波长范围 (LW) 中的向下辐射通量，RMSD 分别为 11.9 Wm-2 和 9.6 Wm-2，并且在这两种情况下都随纬度增加。使用 SBRB 估计的 NET 分量也与来自 OSI SAF、来自 CERES 的 EBAF 表面版 4.0 和来自 ECMWF 系统的 ERA 临时数据的相应震级 OSI -303-a 和 OSI 304-a 进行了比较。讨论了差异的主要原因。分析证实了使用确保高精度和空间分辨率的局部解决方案的可取性。SBRB 是作为旨在监测波罗的海环境的综合 SatBaltyk 系统的一部分开发和实施的。这些地图以及在 SatBaltyk 系统使用的辐射测量站测量的辐射分量的瞬时值可在 www.satbaltyk.iopan.gda.pl 上访问。详细描述了SBRB操作的方案、算法和方式。