The cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_cyt) regulates a vast number of cellular functions, including insulin secretion from beta cells. The major physiological insulin secretagogue, glucose, triggers [Ca²⁺]_cyt oscillations in beta cells. Synchronization of the oscillations among the beta cells within an islet underlies the generation of pulsatile insulin secretion. This review describes the mechanisms generating [Ca²⁺]_cyt oscillations, the interactions between [Ca²⁺]_cyt and cell metabolism, as well as the contribution of various organelles to the shaping of [Ca²⁺]_cyt signals and insulin secretion. It also discusses how Ca²⁺ signals are coordinated and spread throughout the islets and data indicating that altered Ca²⁺ signaling is associated with beta cell dysfunction and development of type 2 diabetes.

细胞质中的Ca ²⁺浓度（[Ca ²⁺ ] _cyt）调节多种细胞功能，包括β细胞分泌的胰岛素。主要的生理胰岛素促分泌素葡萄糖触发β细胞中的[Ca ²⁺ ] _cyt振荡。胰岛内β细胞之间的振荡同步是搏动性胰岛素分泌的基础。这篇综述描述了产生[Ca ²⁺ ] _cyt振荡的机制，[Ca ²⁺ ] _cyt与细胞代谢之间的相互作用，以及各种细胞器对[Ca ²⁺ ]形成的贡献。_细胞信号和胰岛素分泌。它还讨论了Ca ²⁺信号如何在整个胰岛中协调和分布，以及表明改变的Ca ²⁺信号传导与β细胞功能障碍和2型糖尿病的发展有关的数据。