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Parsing the components of forgiveness: Psychological and neural mechanisms.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews ( IF 7.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.020
Melike M Fourie 1 , Ruud Hortensius 2 , Jean Decety 3
Affiliation  

Forgiveness-a shift in motivation away from retaliation and avoidance towards increased goodwill for the perceived wrongdoer-plays a vital role in restoring social relationships, and positively impacts personal wellbeing and society at large. Parsing the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of forgiveness contributes theoretical clarity, yet has remained an outstanding challenge because of conceptual and methodological difficulties in the field. Here, we critically examine the neuroscientific evidence in support of a theoretical framework which accounts for the proximate mechanisms underlying forgiveness. Specifically, we integrate empirical evidence from social psychology and neuroscience to propose that forgiveness relies on three distinct and interacting psychological macro-components: cognitive control, perspective taking, and social valuation. The implication of the lateral prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, respectively, is discussed in the brain networks subserving these distinct component processes. Finally, we outline some caveats that limit the translational value of existing social neuroscience research and provide directions for future research to advance the field of forgiveness.

中文翻译:

解析宽恕的组成部分:心理和神经机制。

宽恕-动机从报复和回避转移到对被察觉的不法行为者增加的善意-在恢复社会关系中起着至关重要的作用,并且对个人福祉和整个社会产生积极影响。解析宽恕的心理和神经生物学机制有助于理论上的理解,但是由于该领域在概念和方法上的困难,仍然是一个突出的挑战。在这里,我们批判性地研究了神经科学的证据,以支持一个理论框架,该框架解释了宽恕的基本机制。具体来说,我们整合了来自社会心理学和神经科学的经验证据,提出宽恕依赖于三个截然不同且相互影响的心理宏观成分:认知控制,观点采择,和社会评价。在保护这些不同组成过程的大脑网络中,分别讨论了外侧前额叶皮层,颞顶交界和腹膜前额叶皮层的含义。最后,我们概述了一些警告,这些警告限制了现有社会神经科学研究的翻译价值,并为今后的研究提供了方向,以推动宽恕领域的发展。
更新日期:2020-02-20
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