Omega-3 fatty acids are vital for brain development. The aim of this meta-analysis was to broaden current knowledge of the effects of omega-3 supplementation on cognitive test performance in youths. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting selection criteria were identified through two independent literature searches on PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycARTICLES and PsycINFO (last search June 2019). Twenty-nine out of 1126 studies assessing 4247 participants met all selection criteria. A meta-analysis using random-effects model was performed for eight different cognitive domains. This first analysis revealed no main effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on domain-specific cognitive test performance in youths. Subgroup analyses identified beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich formulations in the domains of long-term memory, working memory and problem solving and a tendency towards beneficial effects in clinical rather than non-clinical populations. Future research should investigate differential effects of EPA and DHA and consider their baseline levels, other nutritional components and interactions with gene variations as potential predictors of response.

中文翻译：

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Omega-3及其对青少年认知测试表现的特定领域影响：一项荟萃分析。

Omega-3脂肪酸对于大脑发育至关重要。这项荟萃分析的目的是拓宽当前补充omega-3对青少年认知测试表现的影响的知识。通过在PubMed，Cochrane图书馆，PsycARTICLES和PsycINFO上进行的两次独立文献检索，确定了符合选择标准的随机对照试验（RCT）（最新检索于2019年6月）。在1126项研究中，有29项评估了4247名参与者，符合所有选择标准。使用随机效应模型对8个不同的认知领域进行了荟萃分析。这项首次分析显示，补充Omega-3脂肪酸对年轻人的领域特定认知测试表现没有主要影响。亚组分析确定了富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）而不是富含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的制剂在长期记忆，工作记忆和问题解决领域的有益作用，以及在临床而非非临床领域倾向于产生有益作用的趋势人口。未来的研究应调查EPA和DHA的不同作用，并将其基线水平，其他营养成分以及与基因变异的相互作用视为潜在的反应预测指标。