Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, with a worldwide prevalence of 25%. In the United States, NAFLD and its subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, affect 30% and 5% of the population, respectively. Considering the ongoing obesity epidemic beginning in childhood, the rise in diabetes, and other factors, the prevalence of NAFLD along with the proportion of those with advanced liver disease is projected to continue to increase. This will have an important impact on public health reflected in health care costs, including impact on the need for liver transplantation, for which nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is already close to becoming the most common indication. NAFLD patients with evidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis are at markedly increased risk of adverse outcomes, including overall mortality, and liver-specific morbidity and mortality, respectively. Identification of this cohort of NAFLD patients is paramount, given the associated poorer outcomes, in order to target resources to those who need it most. Various noninvasive tools have been developed in this regard. This review provides an update on the epidemiology, clinical and prognostic features, and diagnostic approach to patients with NAFLD.

中文翻译：

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2020年非酒精性脂肪肝疾病：疾病状态。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是最常见的肝病，全世界的患病率为25％。在美国，NAFLD及其亚型非酒精性脂肪性肝炎分别影响30％和5％的人口。考虑到从儿童期开始的持续肥胖病流行，糖尿病的上升以及其他因素，预计NAFLD的患病率以及晚期肝病患者的比例将继续增加。这将在医疗保健成本中反映出对公共卫生的重要影响，包括对肝移植需求的影响，非酒精性脂肪性肝炎已经接近肝移植成为最常见的适应症。患有非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和晚期纤维化的NAFLD患者不良结局的风险明显增加，包括总体死亡率，以及肝特异性发病率和死亡率。鉴于相关的不良结局，识别该组NAFLD患者至关重要，以便将资源用于最需要的人群。在这方面已经开发了各种非侵入性工具。这篇综述提供了关于NAFLD患者的流行病学，临床和预后特征以及诊断方法的最新信息。