Background

Minimally invasive vertical extraction devices have been developed to minimise the need for flap surgery and trauma to alveolar bone during tooth extraction. The objective of this study was to measure the forces required for vertical tooth extraction and evaluate the determinants of these forces.

Methods

The investigators coupled a precision load cell with a Benex® extractor to record extraction forces for 59 consecutive routine extractions of tooth roots. Age, sex, tooth type, root surface attachment area (RSAA) and whether or not the tooth was in functional occlusion were evaluated as determinants of extraction forces using linear mixed models.

Results

Maximum extraction forces (F_max) varied widely from 41N to 629N. On average, maximum extraction forces were 104N (95% CI: 38N, 169N) higher for teeth/roots in occlusion vs. teeth not in occlusion. An increase in RSSA by one standard deviation was associated with a marked increase in F_max by 64N (95% CI: 34N, 94N). Extraction forces were not associated with age, sex or tooth type (maxillary vs. mandibular).

Conclusions

Extraction forces using the Benex® vertical extraction system vary widely and can be less than 50N or exceed 600N. On average, higher extraction forces are required to extract teeth with longer and thicker roots, as well as for teeth that are in functional occlusion.

中文翻译：

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微创垂直拔牙的拔牙力及其决定因素。

背景

已经开发出微创垂直提取装置，以最小化在拔牙过程中进行瓣膜手术和牙槽骨创伤的需要。这项研究的目的是测量垂直拔牙所需的力，并评估这些力的决定因素。

方法

研究人员将精密称重传感器与Benex®提取器结合使用，以记录59次连续例行牙根常规提取的提取力。使用线性混合模型评估年龄，性别，牙齿类型，牙根表面附着面积（RSAA）以及牙齿是否处于功能性咬合状态，作为拔除力的决定因素。

结果

最大拔出力（F _max）从41N到629N很大。平均而言，咬合的牙齿/牙根的最大拔牙力比不咬合的牙齿高104N（95％CI：38N，169N）。RSSA增加一个标准偏差会导致_Fmax显着增加64N（95％CI：34N，94N）。拔牙力与年龄，性别或牙齿类型（上颌骨与下颌骨）无关。

结论

使用Benex®垂直抽气系统的抽气力变化很大，可以小于50N或超过600N。平均而言，拔除具有较长和较粗根的牙齿以及功能性咬合的牙齿需要较高的拔除力。