Abstract In three studies (n = 427), participants wrote and answered questions about autobiographical episodes involving helping behavior from the perspective of the helper vs. the recipient. Both helpers and recipients reported that the benefits of help outweighed the costs (i.e., the help was non-zero-sum). Helpers underestimated the degree to which recipients felt indebted as a result of receiving help. Recipients displayed a pattern of language use indicative of self-focus to a greater extent than helpers. These effects were found whether helpers and recipients reflected on the same helping episode (Study 1) or different episodes (Studies 2 and 3). People who recalled helping strangers reported that the benefits outweighed the costs to a greater extent than those who recalled helping friends or family members (Study 3), largely because the costs were greater when helping friends and family.

中文翻译：

---

助人行为非零和：助人与受助人自传

摘要 在三项研究 (n = 427) 中，参与者从帮助者与接受者的角度撰写并回答了有关涉及帮助行为的自传性事件的问题。帮助者和接受者都报告说，帮助的好处大于成本（即帮助是非零和的）。帮助者低估了受助人因接受帮助而感到负债的程度。接受者表现出的语言使用模式比帮助者在更大程度上表明了自我关注。无论帮助者和接受者反映在相同的帮助情节（研究 1）还是不同的情节（研究 2 和 3）上，都会发现这些影响。回忆起帮助陌生人的人报告说，与回忆起帮助朋友或家人的人相比，收益大于成本的程度更大（研究 3），