Diapause is a complex physiological response that allows insects to survive unfavorable environmental conditions, and many signaling pathways participate in regulating this process. However, little is known about TOR signaling in the regulation of diapause. In this study, we found that the TOR pathway-related proteins TOR and Raptor are expressed at low levels in the brains of diapause-destined pupae of Helicoverpa armigera, consistent with a previous report that TOR signaling is associated with development. Interestingly, another TOR signaling-related protein, p-S6K, was increased in the brains of diapause-destined pupae. Our results showed that p-S6K in the brains of diapause-destined pupae can respond to the upstream signals reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AKT and that S6K activates the level of CREB, which binds to the HIF-1α promoter and increases its expression. Previous study has shown that HIF-1α levels elevated by ROS in the brains of diapause-destined pupae cause low mitochondrial activity for insect diapause. Thus, p-S6K in response to ROS/AKT regulates HIF-1α via activating transcription factor CREB for diapause initiation.

中文翻译：

---

P-S6K通过棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera中的ROS / AKT / S6K / CREB ​​/ HIF-1途径与昆虫滞育相关。

滞育是一种复杂的生理反应，它使昆虫能够在不利的环境条件下生存，并且许多信号传导途径参与调节这一过程。然而，关于滞育调节中的TOR信号传导知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们发现TOR通路相关蛋白TOR和Raptor在滞育目的棉铃虫的up脑中低水平表达，这与先前有关TOR信号与发育相关的报道相一致。有趣的是，另一种与TOR信号有关的蛋白p-S6K在滞育目的-的大脑中增加了。我们的研究结果表明，滞留性p的大脑中的p-S6K可以响应上游信号活性氧（ROS）和AKT，而S6K可以激活CREB的水平，与HIF-1α启动子结合并增加其表达。先前的研究表明，在滞育目的up的大脑中，ROS升高了HIF-1α的水平，导致昆虫滞育的线粒体活性较低。因此，响应ROS / AKT的p-S6K通过激活转录因子CREB滞育起始来调节HIF-1α。