Tolylfluanid (TF) is a sensitizing biocide used in antifouling products and wood preservatives. Paint application is associated with skin exposure; however, the importance of this exposure route is uncertain as TF skin permeation rates are lacking in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. TF is a lipophilic powder that hydrolyses rapidly in contact with water to dimethylamino sulfotoluidid (DMST). DMST is also a TF metabolite. We characterized TF and DMST skin permeation using an ex vivo flow-through diffusion system with viable and frozen human skin. TF permeated as DMST with a low permeation rate (0.18 ± 0.05 µg/cm2/h) and a moderate time lag (7.1 ± 1.4 h) in viable human skin. Applying DMST gave a 3.5-fold lower permeation rate (0.05 ± 0.01 µg/cm2/h) compared to TF under a similar experimental setting. We simulated paint activities in an exposure chamber to understand a possible skin exposure from airborne TF concentrations. Although, paint can deposit onto the skin during work activities, TF permeation when paint was applied to human skin ex vivo was very low (as TF: 0.004 ± 0.005 µg/cm2/h, and as DMST: 0.02 ± 0.001 µg/cm2/h). Our results show that TF can permeate skin, and consequently, can contribute to sensitization, which support previous reports on sensitization in TF exposed workers.

中文翻译：

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Tolylfluanid 以二甲氨基磺胺（DMST）的形式缓慢渗透人体皮肤

Tolylfluanid (TF) 是一种用于防污产品和木材防腐剂的致敏杀菌剂。油漆应用与皮肤暴露有关；然而，这种暴露途径的重要性尚不确定，因为同行评审的科学文献中缺乏 TF 皮肤渗透率。TF 是一种亲脂性粉末，与水接触后会迅速水解为二甲氨基硫代油 (DMST)。DMST 也是一种 TF 代谢物。我们使用活体和冷冻人体皮肤的离体流通扩散系统对 TF 和 DMST 皮肤渗透进行了表征。TF 作为 DMST 以低渗透率 (0.18 ± 0.05 µg/cm2/h) 和中等时间滞后 (7.1 ± 1.4 h) 在活人皮肤中渗透。在类似的实验设置下，与 TF 相比，应用 DMST 的渗透率 (0.05 ± 0.01 µg/cm2/h) 降低了 3.5 倍。我们模拟了暴露室中的油漆活动，以了解空气中 TF 浓度可能导致的皮肤暴露。虽然油漆会在工作活动中沉积在皮肤上，但在体外将油漆涂在人体皮肤上时，TF 渗透率非常低（TF：0.004 ± 0.005 µg/cm2/h，DMST：0.02 ± 0.001 µg/cm2/ H）。我们的结果表明 TF 可以渗透皮肤，因此可以导致过敏，这支持先前关于 TF 暴露工人致敏的报告。