It is generally suggested that invasive alien plant species (IAPS) negatively affect livelihoods. However, there is a need to find more generalisable patterns of IAPS impacts on livelihoods, which are useful for decision making at broad scales. Here we test the hypothesis that across South Africa poorer communities with high reliance on provisioning ecosystem services are more at risk from IAPS. To do so, we integrate two national-scale datasets; 1) The South African Plant Invaders Atlas, and 2) the National Census Data, which provides details on household income and selected provisioning ecosystem service use. Our analysis revealed that the potential impacts of IAPS increased as household income decreased, confirming that IAPS had greater negative effects in poorer landscapes. Furthermore, IAPS had the potential to be more impactful on selected provisioning ecosystem services where households were more reliant on them. Taken together, our results confirm that across South Africa, landscapes with poorer households and high reliance on the selected provisioning ecosystem services are likely the most negatively affected by IAPS. This novel broad-scale approach revealed landscape-scale patterns of the potential socio-ecological impacts of IAPS and will help decision makers direct resources for IAPS management to where they may be most effective.

一般认为外来入侵植物物种（IAPS）对生计有负面影响。但是，有必要找到更普遍的IAPS对生计的影响模式，这对于大规模决策是有用的。在这里，我们检验了一个假设，即在整个南非，较贫困社区高度依赖提供生态系统服务，因此，IAPS面临的风险更大。为此，我们整合了两个国家级数据集；1）南非植物入侵者地图集，以及2）国家人口普查数据，该数据提供了有关家庭收入和选定的供应生态系统服务使用的详细信息。我们的分析表明，IAPS的潜在影响随着家庭收入的减少而增加，这证实了IAPS在较差的景观中具有更大的负面影响。此外，如果家庭更加依赖IAPS，IAPS可能会对选定的供应生态系统服务产生更大的影响。综上所述，我们的结果证实，在整个南非，IAPS可能会对家庭贫困的景观以及高度依赖所选调配生态系统服务的景观造成最大的负面影响。这种新颖的大规模方法揭示了IAPS潜在社会生态影响的景观格局，并将帮助决策者将IAPS管理的资源引导到最有效的地方。