Abstract The objective of this study was to compare grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and stay-green traits in winter barley under low and high nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments. Field trials were conducted during two growing seasons in a southern Pannonian location (Novi Sad, Serbia) with fifteen six-rowed barley cultivars released between 1972 and 2013. The rate of genetic gain in grain yield was higher under high N level, indicating that modern barley cultivars use the applied N fertilizer more efficiently than older cultivars. The improvement in NUE and N uptake efficiency were positively related with year of cultivar release under both fertilization levels, while association between N utilization efficiency and year of cultivar release was significant at high N fertilization. Modern cultivars had higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values at the anthesis, start and mid senescence. Moreover, time to mid senescence was prolonged in modern cultivars, indicating slower N remobilization during early grain filling period. Values of NDVI at different senescence stages were more related to N uptake efficiency, while timing of senescence stages were in association with N utilization. Close association between NDVI values at different senescence stages and N uptake indicate that application of NDVI sensors could be used for identification of cultivars with improved N productivity.

中文翻译：

---

冬大麦历史栽培品种保持绿色和氮素利用效率性状的变化

摘要 本研究的目的是比较低氮和高氮施肥处理下冬大麦的籽粒产量、氮素利用效率（NUE）和保持绿色性状。在潘诺尼亚南部地区（塞尔维亚诺维萨德）的两个生长季节进行了田间试验，1972 年至 2013 年间发布了 15 个六行大麦品种。在高氮水平下，谷物产量的遗传增益率更高，表明现代大麦品种比老品种更有效地使用施氮肥。在两种施肥水平下，NUE和N吸收效率的提高与品种释放年份呈正相关，而在高施氮水平下，N利用效率与品种释放年份之间的相关性显着。现代栽培品种在开花、开始和衰老中期具有更高的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）值。此外，现代品种的中期衰老时间延长，表明在灌浆早期氮的再动员速度较慢。不同衰老阶段的NDVI值与N吸收效率的相关性更大，而衰老阶段的时间与N利用相关。不同衰老阶段的 NDVI 值与 N 吸收之间的密切关联表明 NDVI 传感器的应用可用于鉴定具有提高的 N 生产力的品种。不同衰老阶段的NDVI值与N吸收效率的相关性更大，而衰老阶段的时间与N利用相关。不同衰老阶段的 NDVI 值与 N 吸收密切相关，表明 NDVI 传感器的应用可用于鉴定具有提高的 N 生产力的品种。不同衰老阶段的NDVI值与N吸收效率的相关性更大，而衰老阶段的时间与N利用相关。不同衰老阶段的 NDVI 值与 N 吸收密切相关，表明 NDVI 传感器的应用可用于鉴定具有提高的 N 生产力的品种。