Plasmonic sensors have been steadily gaining popularity in the fields of biochemical analysis, disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are extensively used in the plasmonic sensing due to their attractive physicochemical properties. In this review, we first present the structures and properties of 2D nanomaterials. Then we discuss the synthesis methods of 2D nanomaterials, including the top-down and bottom-up approaches, as well as the fabrication method of 2D nanomaterial-based plasmonic sensor. Thereafter, we elaborate on the recent research advances in the use of 2D nanomaterials for plasmonic sensing including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. Finally, we provide concluding perspectives on the current status, challenges, and future directions of 2D nanomaterials in the plasmonic sensing applications.

等离子体传感器在生化分析，疾病诊断和环境监测领域一直稳步普及。二维（2D）纳米材料（例如石墨烯和过渡金属二卤化碳（TMDs））因其有吸引力的理化特性而广泛用于等离子体传感。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍2D纳米材料的结构和性能。然后，我们讨论了二维纳米材料的合成方法，包括自顶向下和自底向上方法，以及基于二维纳米材料的等离子体传感器的制造方法。此后，我们详细介绍了将2D纳米材料用于等离子体传感的最新研究进展，包括局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）传感，表面等离振子共振（SPR）感应和表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）感应。最后，我们提供了有关等离子传感应用中2D纳米材料的现状，挑战和未来方向的结论性观点。