Marine cyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus thrive in high cell numbers throughout the euphotic zones of the world's subtropical and tropical oligotrophic oceans, making them some of the most ecologically relevant photosynthetic microorganisms on Earth. The ecological success of these free-living phototrophs suggests that they are equipped with a regulatory system competent to address many different stress situations. However, Prochlorococcus genomes are compact and streamlined, with the majority encoding only five different sigma factors, five to six two-component systems and eight types of other transcriptional regulators. Here, we summarize the existing information about the functions of these protein regulators, about transcriptomic responses to defined stress conditions, and discuss the current knowledge about riboswitches, RNA-based regulation and the roles of certain metabolites as co-regulators. We focus on the best-studied isolate, Prochlorococcus MED4, but extend to other strains and ecotypes when appropriate, and we include some information gained from metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses.

中文翻译：

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至少有一组监管机构可以在海洋中蓬勃发展。

属海洋蓝藻原绿球藻在高细胞数量茁壮成长在世界各地的亚热带和热带海洋贫营养的光亮带，使他们的一些地球上生态最相关的光合微生物的。这些自由生活的营养生物在生态上的成功表明，它们配备了能够应对许多不同胁迫情况的调节系统。但是，原球菌基因组紧凑而流线型，大多数仅编码五个不同的sigma因子，五至六个两成分系统和八种其他转录调节因子。在这里，我们总结了有关这些蛋白质调节剂功能的现有信息，有关对确定的应激条件的转录组反应的信息，并讨论了有关核糖开关，基于RNA的调节以及某些代谢产物作为共调节剂的作用的当前知识。我们专注于最深入研究的分离，原绿球藻MED4，也延伸到其他菌株和在适当的时候生态型，而我们包括来自宏基因组和metatranscriptomic分析获得了一些信息。