Aims Popular African upland rice variety Nerica4 performs poorly under phosphorus (P) deficiency; the objective was to identify plant and soil traits likely to improve its P efficiency. Methods Field and glasshouse experiments compared P uptake and root parameters between the popular rice genotype Nerica4, and a known P-efficient genotype, DJ123. Glasshouse experiments used fresh field soil, sterilized soil and sterilized soil resupplied with 15% fresh field soil to assess microbial effects. Results DJ123 had faster crown root development and higher proportions of fine roots, leading to larger root surface area (RSA). Additionally, it acquired more P per RSA, thus had more efficient roots. Higher root efficiency of DJ123 compared to Nerica4 was detected in fresh field soil, sterile soil, and sterile+resupplied soil, indicating that plant-specific factors rather than soil microbiome effects explained higher root efficiency in DJ123. In non-sterile soils both genotypes were colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and high expression of an AMF-induced rice P transporter gene ( OsPT11 ) indicated the symbiosis was functional. Conclusions We identified plant traits present in DJ123 such as rapid crown root development, higher proportions of fine lateral roots, as well as superior overall root efficiency that make it a promising donor to improve the performance of Nerica4 in P-deficient environments. In addition, Nerica4 appears more susceptible to growth-inhibitory effects of the soil microbiome.

中文翻译：

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植物性状和土壤微生物对旱稻品种低磷土壤磷吸收的贡献

目的 流行的非洲旱稻品种 Nerica4 在磷 (P) 缺乏情况下表现不佳；目的是确定可能提高其磷效率的植物和土壤特性。方法 田间和温室试验比较了流行的水稻基因型 Nerica4 和已知的磷高效基因型 DJ123 之间的磷吸收和根参数。温室试验使用新鲜的田间土壤、消毒的土壤和再补给 15% 的新鲜田间土壤的消毒土壤来评估微生物效应。结果DJ123具有更快的冠根发育和更高的细根比例，导致更大的根表面积（RSA）。此外，它每个 RSA 获得了更多的 P，因此具有更有效的根。在新鲜田间土壤、无菌土壤和无菌+补给土壤中检测到 DJ123 的根效率高于 Nerica4，表明植物特异性因素而不是土壤微生物组效应解释了 DJ123 中较高的根效率。在非无菌土壤中，两种基因型都被丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 定殖，AMF 诱导的水稻 P 转运蛋白基因 (OsPT11) 的高表达表明共生是有功能的。结论 我们确定了 DJ123 中存在的植物性状，例如快速的冠根发育、较高比例的细侧根以及卓越的整体根效率，使其成为改善 Nerica4 在缺磷环境中性能的有希望的供体。此外，Nerica4 似乎更容易受到土壤微生物群的生长抑制作用的影响。在非无菌土壤中，两种基因型都被丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 定殖，AMF 诱导的水稻 P 转运蛋白基因 (OsPT11) 的高表达表明共生是有功能的。结论 我们确定了 DJ123 中存在的植物性状，例如快速的冠根发育、较高比例的细侧根以及卓越的整体根效率，使其成为改善 Nerica4 在缺磷环境中性能的有希望的供体。此外，Nerica4 似乎更容易受到土壤微生物群的生长抑制作用的影响。在非无菌土壤中，两种基因型都被丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 定殖，AMF 诱导的水稻 P 转运蛋白基因 (OsPT11) 的高表达表明共生是有功能的。结论 我们确定了 DJ123 中存在的植物性状，例如快速的冠根发育、较高比例的细侧根以及优异的整体根效率，使其成为改善 Nerica4 在缺磷环境中性能的有希望的供体。此外，Nerica4 似乎更容易受到土壤微生物群的生长抑制作用的影响。以及卓越的整体根效率，使其成为提高 Nerica4 在缺磷环境中性能的有希望的捐助者。此外，Nerica4 似乎更容易受到土壤微生物群的生长抑制作用的影响。以及卓越的整体根效率，使其成为提高 Nerica4 在缺磷环境中性能的有希望的捐助者。此外，Nerica4 似乎更容易受到土壤微生物群的生长抑制作用的影响。