Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe and frequently lethal disease caused by Ebola virus (EBOV). EVD outbreaks typically start from a single case of probable zoonotic transmission, followed by human-to-human transmission via direct contact or contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated fomites. EVD has a high case-fatality rate; it is characterized by fever, gastrointestinal signs and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Diagnosis requires a combination of case definition and laboratory tests, typically real-time reverse transcription PCR to detect viral RNA or rapid diagnostic tests based on immunoassays to detect EBOV antigens. Recent advances in medical countermeasure research resulted in the recent approval of an EBOV-targeted vaccine by European and US regulatory agencies. The results of a randomized clinical trial of investigational therapeutics for EVD demonstrated survival benefits from two monoclonal antibody products targeting the EBOV membrane glycoprotein. New observations emerging from the unprecedented 2013-2016 Western African EVD outbreak (the largest in history) and the ongoing EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have substantially improved the understanding of EVD and viral persistence in survivors of EVD, resulting in new strategies toward prevention of infection and optimization of clinical management, acute illness outcomes and attendance to the clinical care needs of patients.

中文翻译：

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埃博拉病毒病。

埃博拉病毒病 (EVD) 是由埃博拉病毒 (EBOV) 引起的严重且经常致死的疾病。埃博拉病毒病暴发通常始于一个可能的人畜共患病传播病例，然后是通过直接接触或接触受感染的体液或受污染的污染物进行人际传播。EVD病死率高；其特点是发热、胃肠道体征和多器官功能障碍综合征。诊断需要结合病例定义和实验室检测，通常是实时逆转录 PCR 检测病毒 RNA 或基于免疫分析的快速诊断检测检测 EBOV 抗原。医学对策研究的最新进展导致欧洲和美国监管机构最近批准了针对 EBOV 的疫苗。一项针对 EVD 研究性治疗的随机临床试验结果表明，两种靶向 EBOV 膜糖蛋白的单克隆抗体产品对生存有益。2013-2016 年史无前例的西非埃博拉病毒病暴发（历史上最大的一次）和刚果民主共和国正在进行的埃博拉病毒病暴发中出现的新观察结果大大提高了对埃博拉病毒病和埃博拉病毒病幸存者病毒持久性的理解，从而产生了新的策略预防感染和优化临床管理、急性疾病结果和满足患者的临床护理需求。