BACKGROUND Lead and cadmium are significant environmental pollutants that cause pathophysiological responses in many organs. Heavy metal absorption into many tissues is very fast due to a pronounced affinity for metallothioneins. METHOD Japanese quail were exposed to different concentrations of metals (cadmium 0.20 mg/L and lead 0.25 and 0.50 mg/L) for 20 days. Erythrocytes (normal and hemolyzed) and lymphocytes (normal and altered) were monitored in this study. The analysis observed the percentage of normal and altered cells, as well as erythrocyte surface area. Cell counts were analyzed using light microscopy, while surface area and cytological changes in cells and nuclei were analyzed using licensed software. RESULTS Different concentrations of metals have caused erythrocyte hemolysis as well as structural and morphological alterations in lymphocytes. Destruction of cell and nucleus membrane, changes in cell size, erythrocyte denucleation and reduced erythrocyte surface area were observed. Cadmium has caused erythrocyte hemolysis (29.30 %) and lymphocyte damage (92.10 %). Higher doses of lead resulted in greater damage to lymphocytes (63 %). Also, treatment with higher dose of lead produced a higher percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes (19.20 %) in comparison to lower dose (9.90 %). CONCLUSION The toxicity of heavy metals leads to reduced maturation of the blast, which causes the appearance of immature cells in peripheral circulation and severe destruction of blood cell membranes. Erythrocyte hemolysis can lead to anemia, while lymphocyte damage can lead to lymphocytopenia.

中文翻译：

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鹌鹑的淋巴细胞和红细胞中的形态功能改变是由于体内长期暴露于重金属络合物所致。

背景技术铅和镉是引起许多器官病理生理反应的重要环境污染物。由于对金属硫蛋白具有明显的亲和力，因此重金属吸收到许多组织中的速度非常快。方法将日本鹌鹑暴露于不同浓度的金属（镉0.20 mg / L，铅0.25和0.50 mg / L）中20天。在这项研究中监测了红细胞（正常和溶血）和淋巴细胞（正常和改变）。分析观察到正常细胞和改变细胞的百分比以及红细胞表面积。使用光学显微镜分析细胞计数，同时使用许可软件分析细胞和细胞核的表面积和细胞学变化。结果不同浓度的金属已引起红细胞溶血以及淋巴细胞的结构和形态改变。观察到细胞和细胞核膜的破坏，细胞大小的变化，红细胞去核和减少的红细胞表面积。镉引起红细胞溶血（29.30％）和淋巴细胞损伤（92.10％）。高剂量的铅对淋巴细胞造成更大的损害（63％）。同样，与较低剂量（9.90％）相比，较高剂量的铅治疗产生更高比例的溶血红细胞（19.20％）。结论重金属的毒性导致胚芽成熟减少，这导致外周循环中未成熟细胞的出现和血细胞膜的严重破坏。红细胞溶血会导致贫血，