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Risk of major osteoporotic fracture after first, second and third fracture in Swedish women aged 50 years and older
Bone ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115286
Emma Söreskog 1 , Oskar Ström 2 , Anna Spångéus 3 , Kristina E Åkesson 4 , Fredrik Borgström 2 , Jonas Banefelt 1 , Emese Toth 5 , Cesar Libanati 5 , Mata Charokopou 5
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis affects approximately one in five European women and leads to fragility fractures, which result in poor health, social and economic consequences. Fragility fractures are a strong risk factor for subsequent major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), with risk of MOF being elevated in the 1-2 years following an earlier fracture, a concept described as "imminent risk". This study examines risk of subsequent MOF in patients with one, two or three prior fractures by age and type of fracture. METHODS In this retrospective, observational cohort study, Swedish women aged ≥50 years with ≥1 any clinical fragility fracture between July 1, 2006 and December 31, 2012 were identified from Sweden's National Patient Register. Each patient was age- and sex-matched to three controls without history of fracture. Group 1 women included those with one fragility fracture during the study period; Group 2 included those with two fragility fractures; and Group 3 included those with three fragility fractures. "Index fracture" was defined as the first fracture during the study period for Group 1; the second for Group 2; and the third for Group 3. Patients in each cohort and matched controls were followed for up to 60 months or until subsequent MOF (hip, vertebra, forearm, humerus), death or end of data availability. RESULTS 231,769 women with at least one fracture were included in the study and therefore constituted Group 1; of these, 39,524 constituted Group 2 and of those, 7656 constituted Group 3. At five years, cumulative incidence of subsequent MOF was higher in patients with a history of fracture as compared to controls (Group 1: 20.7% vs 12.3%; Group 2: 32.0% vs 15.3%). Three-year cumulative incidence for Group 3 was 12.1% (vs 10.7% for controls). After adjusting for baseline covariates, risk of subsequent MOF was highest within 0-24 months following an index fracture, then decreased but remained elevated as compared to controls. Having two prior fractures, vertebral fractures and younger age at time of index fracture were associated with greater relative risk. CONCLUSIONS Women with a history of osteoporotic fracture are at increased risk of subsequent fracture, which is highest during the first 24 months following a fracture. Younger women and those with vertebral fractures are at greatest relative risk, suggesting that treatment should target these patients and be timely enough to impact the period of imminent risk.

中文翻译:

50 岁及以上瑞典女性第一次、第二次和第三次骨折后发生严重骨质疏松性骨折的风险

背景骨质疏松症影响大约五分之一的欧洲妇女并导致脆性骨折,这导致不良的健康、社会和经济后果。脆性骨折是随后严重骨质疏松性骨折 (MOF) 的重要危险因素,在早期骨折后的 1-2 年内,MOF 的风险升高,这一概念被描述为“迫在眉睫的风险”。本研究根据年龄和骨折类型检查了患有 1、2 或 3 次先前骨折的患者随后发生 MOF 的风险。方法 在这项回顾性、观察性队列研究中,从瑞典国家患者登记处确定了 2006 年 7 月 1 日至 2012 年 12 月 31 日期间年龄≥50 岁且发生≥1 次临床脆性骨折的瑞典女性。每位患者的年龄和性别均与三名无骨折史的对照组相匹配。第 1 组女性包括在研究期间发生过一次脆性骨折的女性;第 2 组包括有两次脆性骨折的患者;第 3 组包括三个脆性骨折。“指数骨折”定义为第 1 组研究期间的第一次骨折;第 2 组的第二个;第三组为第 3 组。每个队列和匹配对照中的患者被随访长达 60 个月或直到随后的 MOF(髋部、椎骨、前臂、肱骨)、死亡或数据可用性结束。结果 231,769 名至少有一处骨折的女性被纳入研究,因此构成第 1 组;其中,39,524 人构成第 2 组,其中 7656 人构成第 3 组。 五年后,与对照组相比,有骨折史的患者后续 MOF 的累积发生率更高(第 1 组:20.7% 对 12.3%;第 2 组:32.0% 对 15.3%)。第 3 组的三年累积发病率为 12.1%(对照组为 10.7%)。调整基线协变量后,指数骨折后 0-24 个月内发生后续 MOF 的风险最高,然后下降但与对照组相比仍然升高。有两次既往骨折、椎骨骨折和指数骨折时年龄较小与较高的相对风险相关。结论 有骨质疏松性骨折病史的女性随后骨折的风险增加,在骨折后的前 24 个月内最高。年轻女性和椎骨骨折患者的相对风险最大,这表明治疗应该针对这些患者,并且足够及时以影响即将发生的风险。第 3 组的三年累积发病率为 12.1%(对照组为 10.7%)。在调整基线协变量后,在指数骨折后的 0-24 个月内,后续 MOF 的风险最高,然后降低但与对照组相比仍然升高。有两次既往骨折、椎骨骨折和指数骨折时年龄较小与较高的相对风险相关。结论 有骨质疏松性骨折病史的女性随后骨折的风险增加,在骨折后的前 24 个月内最高。年轻女性和椎骨骨折患者的相对风险最大,这表明治疗应该针对这些患者,并且足够及时以影响即将发生的风险。第 3 组的三年累积发病率为 12.1%(对照组为 10.7%)。调整基线协变量后,指数骨折后 0-24 个月内发生后续 MOF 的风险最高,然后下降但与对照组相比仍然升高。有两次既往骨折、椎骨骨折和指数骨折时年龄较小与较高的相对风险相关。结论 有骨质疏松性骨折病史的女性随后骨折的风险增加,在骨折后的前 24 个月内最高。年轻女性和椎骨骨折患者的相对风险最高,这表明治疗应该针对这些患者,并且足够及时以影响即将发生的风险。指数骨折后 0-24 个月内发生后续 MOF 的风险最高,然后降低但与对照组相比仍然升高。有两次既往骨折、椎骨骨折和发生指数骨折时的年轻年龄与更大的相对风险相关。结论 有骨质疏松性骨折病史的女性随后骨折的风险增加,在骨折后的前 24 个月内最高。年轻女性和椎骨骨折患者的相对风险最大,这表明治疗应该针对这些患者,并且足够及时以影响即将发生的风险。指数骨折后 0-24 个月内发生后续 MOF 的风险最高,然后降低但与对照组相比仍然升高。有两次既往骨折、椎骨骨折和指数骨折时年龄较小与较高的相对风险相关。结论 有骨质疏松性骨折病史的女性随后骨折的风险增加,在骨折后的前 24 个月内最高。年轻女性和椎骨骨折患者的相对风险最大,这表明治疗应该针对这些患者,并且足够及时以影响即将发生的风险。椎骨骨折和指数骨折时年龄较小与更大的相对风险相关。结论 有骨质疏松性骨折病史的女性随后骨折的风险增加,在骨折后的前 24 个月内最高。年轻女性和椎骨骨折患者的相对风险最大,这表明治疗应该针对这些患者,并且足够及时以影响即将发生的风险。椎骨骨折和指数骨折时年龄较小与更大的相对风险相关。结论 有骨质疏松性骨折病史的女性随后骨折的风险增加,在骨折后的前 24 个月内最高。年轻女性和椎骨骨折患者的相对风险最高,这表明治疗应该针对这些患者,并且足够及时以影响即将发生的风险。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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