Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that emerges in childhood and persists into adulthood in a sizeable portion of afflicted individuals. The persistence of ADHD symptoms elevates the risk of adverse outcomes that result in substantial individual and societal burden. The objective of this study was to delineate neuroanatomical substrates associated with the diversity of adult outcomes of childhood ADHD, which may have considerable value for development of novel interventions that target mechanisms associated with recovery. Structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data from 32 young adults who were diagnosed with ADHD combined-type during childhood and 35 group-matched controls were analyzed. Adults with childhood ADHD were divided into 16 remitters and 16 persisters based on DSM-IV criteria. Compared to the controls, ADHD probands showed significantly reduced gray matter (GM) volume in right putamen and white matter (WM) volume in left parieto-insular fiber tracts. Within the ADHD probands, the remitters, as compared to persisters, showed significantly greater volume of right hippocampo-frontal and right parieto-insular WM fiber tracts, and those connecting caudate with the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insular cortices. Among ADHD probands, increased fractional anisotropy value of left caudate-parietal tract was significantly correlated with reduced hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. These findings suggest that optimal structural development in the WM tracts that connect caudate with cortical areas, especially in the caudate-parietal path, may play an important role in symptom remission in young adults with childhood ADHD.

中文翻译：

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患有儿童注意力缺陷/多动障碍的年轻人症状缓解和持续的解剖学基础

注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种高度流行的神经发育障碍，它出现在儿童时期，并在相当大一部分患者中持续到成年期。ADHD 症状的持续存在会增加不良后果的风险，从而导致巨大的个人和社会负担。本研究的目的是描绘与儿童 ADHD 成人结果多样性相关的神经解剖学基础，这对于开发针对与康复相关的机制的新型干预措施可能具有相当大的价值。分析了 32 名在儿童时期被诊断为多动症联合型的年轻成人和 35 名匹配的对照组的结构 MRI 和弥散张量成像数据。根据 DSM-IV 标准，将患有儿童多动症的成年人分为 16 名缓解者和 16 名坚持者。与对照组相比，ADHD 先证者右侧壳核的灰质 (GM) 体积和左侧顶叶-岛叶纤维束的白质 (WM) 体积显着减少。在 ADHD 先证者中，与持久者相比，remitters 的右侧海马-额叶和右侧顶叶-岛叶 WM 纤维束的体积显着更大，以及连接尾状核与额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶和岛叶皮质的纤维束。在 ADHD 先证者中，左尾顶叶各向异性分数的增加与多动/冲动症状的减少显着相关。这些发现表明连接尾状核与皮质区域的 WM 束的最佳结构发育，