Abstract The aim of the paper is to present a methodical approach for developing a hydrodynamic model of groundwater flow and transport of nitrogen compounds in the area covered by the precision farming system. The study area covers the part of the Vistula River floodplain terrace near Warsaw (Poland), in the vicinity of nature reserves: Wyspy Zawadowskie, Wyspy Świderskie and Łegi Oborskie. The components of the water balance in the analysed area were determined using the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance) model. In reference to the doses of mineral nitrogen used during precise fertilisation, the scenarios of the spread of nitrogen ions in the soil-water environment were detailed. The results were presented graphically in the form of hydroisohypses and isolines of nitrate and ammonium concentrations. The activity of overbank flows and the effect of the geological settings on the course of aquifer layers in the active exchange zone were taken into consideration when describing groundwater flow. This allowed us to indicate potential paths of intense nitrate migration resulting from the evolution of the fluvial environment. Moreover, “hydrogeological windows” have been identified, where contaminants can freely migrate to usable aquifer in the major groundwater basin.

中文翻译：

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氮化合物在有价值的自然生态系统中活跃的地下水交换区的扩散

摘要 本文的目的是提出一种有条理的方法，用于在精准农业系统覆盖的地区开发地下水流动和氮化合物输送的流体动力学模型。研究区覆盖了华沙（波兰）附近维斯瓦河漫滩阶地的一部分，在自然保护区附近：Wyspy Zawadowskie、Wyspy Świderskie 和 Łegi Oborskie。使用 HELP（垃圾填埋场性能水文评估）模型确定分析区域中水平衡的组成部分。参考精确施肥过程中使用的矿物氮的剂量，详细描述了氮离子在土壤-水环境中的传播场景。结果以硝酸盐和铵浓度的氢化等值线和等值线的形式以图形方式呈现。在描述地下水流时，考虑了河岸流的活动和地质环境对活跃交换区含水层走向的影响。这使我们能够指出由于河流环境的演变导致硝酸盐强烈迁移的潜在路径。此外，已经确定了“水文地质窗口”，其中污染物可以自由迁移到主要地下水流域的可用含水层。