Abstract Uranium, thorium and potassium are distinguished in different compartments of the environmental media according to the inputs, the fate and the distribution patterns that occur in the ecosystems. Thus, an understanding of the sources patterns and behaviours of these elements in soils, their rock-soil relationships and potential toxicity or deficiency problems associated with them is nowadays a relevant concern for environmental protection and human health. A robust compositional computation analysis coupled with frequency spatial-method (Fractal model) is applied on 3 selected elements (U, Th and K), based on a large dataset of 7134 topsoil samples over the whole Campania region, and investigated elements concentrations were analysed (after aqua regia extraction) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this survey, U concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 43.2 mg kg−1 with a mean value of 3.35 mg kg−1, Th concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 64.30 mg kg−1 with a mean values of 11.95 mg kg−1 and K concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 5.97% with a mean value of 0.68%. The mean values for U and Th are slightly above the mean crustal abundances, while K is slightly below them. Fractal mapping of Centred-log transformed (clr) data of investigated elements show that the U, Th and K geochemical anomalies can be ascribed to geology-related volcanic sources. Indeed, the highest values in soils were assessed in the surveyed alkaline magmatic areas in the central-western part of the region characterized by volcanic rocks, whereas lowest values are found in areas characterized by silico-clastic and carbonate deposits, occurring mostly in the southern and eastern part of the region. Evidence from this study showed that compositional data transformations such as clr transformation could help to avoid artefacts, prior to statistical computations.

中文翻译：

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坎帕尼亚地区（意大利）土壤中铀、钍和钾的见解：基于成分数据分析和分形模型的来源模式

摘要 铀、钍和钾根据生态系统中的输入、归宿和分布模式在环境介质的不同部分中进行区分。因此，了解这些元素在土壤中的来源模式和行为、它们的岩土关系以及与它们相关的潜在毒性或缺乏问题是当今环境保护和人类健康的一个相关问题。基于整个坎帕尼亚地区 7134 个表土样品的大型数据集，对 3 个选定元素（U、Th 和 K）应用了结合频率空间方法（分形模型）的稳健成分计算分析，并分析了调查的元素浓度（王水提取后）通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）。在本次调查中，U 浓度范围为 0.05 至 43.2 mg kg-1，平均值为 3.35 mg kg-1，Th 浓度范围为 0.3 至 64.30 mg kg-1，平均值为 11.95 mg kg-1，K 浓度范围为 0.03 至5.97%，平均值为 0.68%。U 和 Th 的平均值略高于平均地壳丰度，而 K 略低于它们。调查元素的中心对数变换 (clr) 数据的分形映射表明 U、Th 和 K 地球化学异常可归因于地质相关的火山源。事实上，在以火山岩为特征的中西部地区调查的碱性岩浆区评估了土壤中的最高值，而在以硅碎屑和碳酸盐沉积为特征的区域中发现了最低值，主要发生在该地区的南部和东部。这项研究的证据表明，在统计计算之前，组合数据转换（例如 clr 转换）可以帮助避免伪影。