BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease, which is difficult to treat due to high drug resistance and adverse side effects. Photodynamic therapy by ultraviolet radiation using materials with high photocatalytic features like titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) is an emerging treatment for this disease. In this study, TiO2-NPs with ultraviolet (UV) radiation were administered as photodynamic therapy against Leishmania Major (LM) promastigotes. METHODS Two forms of TiO2 viz. including Anatase and Rutile were administered in two UV ranges< UVA and UVB for different time periods (30 and 60 min). Finally, 24 and 48 h after incubation, the MTS test was performed and cell survival percentage was calculated. RESULTS The mean size of Anatase and Rutile-NPs is approximately 32.5 and 50.9 nm respectively by DLS and FE-SEM, and crystal phase is emphasized by XRD. The combined treatment of LM with TiO2-NPs and UV has significant effects on LM promastigotes, which vary depending on NP and UV types. The synergistic effect was anticipated in the groups irradiated by UV-B in the presence of Rutile NPs. CONCLUSION The combined treatment with UV- radiation and TiO2-NPs can be effective in killing the promastigotes of Leishmania major. The proper concentration of NPs and the type of UV-radiation must be taken into consideration. The results suggest improved treatment methods, after proper in vivo studies.

中文翻译：

---

TiO2-NPs存在下紫外线辐射对利什曼原虫主要前鞭毛体的影响。

背景技术皮肤利什曼病是一种寄生虫病，由于高耐药性和不良副作用而难以治疗。使用具有高光催化特性的材料（例如二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO2-NPs））通过紫外线进行光动力疗法是一种针对该疾病的新兴疗法。在这项研究中，具有紫外线（UV）辐射的TiO2-NP被用作针对利什曼原虫（LM）前鞭毛体的光动力疗法。方法两种形式的TiO2。包括锐钛矿和金红石在内的两个UV分别在两个UV范围（UVA和UVB）中施用了不同的时间段（30和60分钟）。最后，在孵育后24和48小时，进行MTS测试并计算细胞存活百分比。结果通过DLS和FE-SEM，锐钛矿和金红石NP的平均大小分别约为32.5和50.9 nm，XRD强调晶相。TiO2-NP和紫外线对LM的联合处理对LM前鞭毛体有明显的影响，视前驱体和NP类型而异。在金红石NPs存在下，在UV-B照射的组中预期有协同作用。结论紫外线和TiO2-NPs的联合治疗可有效杀死利什曼原虫的前鞭毛体。必须考虑NP的适当浓度和UV辐射的类型。结果表明，经过适当的体内研究后，治疗方法得到了改善。结论紫外线辐射和TiO2-NPs的联合治疗可有效杀死大利什曼原虫的前鞭毛体。必须考虑NP的适当浓度和UV辐射的类型。结果表明，经过适当的体内研究后，治疗方法得到了改善。结论紫外线辐射和TiO2-NPs的联合治疗可有效杀死大利什曼原虫的前鞭毛体。必须考虑NP的适当浓度和UV辐射的类型。结果表明，经过适当的体内研究后，治疗方法得到了改善。