PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a novel non-ECG triggered 2D magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) sequence allowing for simultaneous myocardial T1 and T2 mapping and cardiac Cine imaging. METHODS Cardiac MRF (cMRF) has been recently proposed to provide joint T1/T2 myocardial mapping by triggering the acquisition to mid-diastole and relying on a subject-dependent dictionary of MR signal evolutions to generate the maps. In this work, we propose a novel "free-running" (non-ECG triggered) cMRF framework for simultaneous myocardial T1 and T2 mapping and cardiac Cine imaging in a single scan. Free-running cMRF is based on a transient state bSSFP acquisition with tiny golden angle radial readouts, varying flip angle and multiple adiabatic inversion pulses. The acquired data is retrospectively gated into several cardiac phases, which are reconstructed with an approach that combines parallel imaging, low rank modelling and patch-based high-order tensor regularization. Free-running cMRF was evaluated in a standardized phantom and ten healthy subjects. Comparison with reference spin-echo, MOLLI, SASHA, T2-GRASE and Cine was performed. RESULTS T1 and T2 values obtained with the proposed approach were in good agreement with reference phantom values (ICC(A,1) > 0.99). Reported values for myocardium septum T1 were 1043 ± 48 ms, 1150 ± 100 ms and 1160 ± 79 ms for MOLLI, SASHA and free-running cMRF respectively and for T2 of 51.7 ± 4.1 ms and 44.6 ± 4.1 ms for T2-GRASE and free-running cMRF respectively. Good agreement was observed between free-running cMRF and conventional Cine 2D ejection fraction (bias = -0.83%). CONCLUSION The proposed free-running cardiac MRF approach allows for simultaneous assessment of myocardial T1 and T2 and Cine imaging in a single scan.

中文翻译：

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自由运行的心脏磁共振指纹图谱：T1 / T2联合图和Cine成像。

目的开发和评估新型的非ECG触发的2D磁共振指纹图谱（MRF）序列，以实现同时进行的心肌T1和T2定位以及心脏Cine成像。方法最近，有人提出了心脏MRF（cMRF）来提供联合的T1 / T2心肌图，方法是触发采集至舒张中期，并依赖于受试者的MR信号演变相关字典来生成图。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新颖的“自由运行”（非ECG触发）cMRF框架，用于在一次扫描中同时进行心肌T1和T2映射以及心脏Cine成像。自由运行的cMRF基于瞬态bSSFP采集，具有微小的金角径向读数，变化的翻转角和多个绝热反转脉冲。将获得的数据回顾性地分为几个心脏阶段，通过结合并行成像，低秩建模和基于补丁的高阶张量正则化的方法对其进行重构。在标准模型和十名健康受试者中评估了自由运行的cMRF。与参考自旋回波，MOLLI，SASHA，T2-GRASE和Cine进行了比较。结果用所提出的方法获得的T1和T2值与参考体模值（ICC（A，1）> 0.99）高度吻合。对于MOLLI，SASHA和自由运行的cMRF，心肌间隔T1的报告值分别为1043±48 ms，1150±100 ms和1160±79 ms，对于T2-GRASE和free的T2的报告值分别为51.7±4.1 ms和44.6±4.1 ms -分别运行cMRF。自由运行的cMRF与常规Cine 2D喷射分数之间观察到良好的一致性（偏差= -0.83％）。